Borings in Quartzite Surf Boulders from the Upper Cambrian Basal Deadwood Formation, Black Hills of South Dakota

Johnson, Markes E.; Wilson, Mark A.; Redden, Jack A.

doi:10.1080/10420941003659618

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to Fischer (1981), all the bioeroding organisms mentioned above require mechanical means to penetrate basalt, often by exploiting the diVerences in mineral hardness and crystal boundaries in the rock. In this regard, Johnson et al (2010), who described an example of borings found in quartzite, suggested that the basalt could have been previously softened by microendolithic organisms such as fungi, since they are well known in basaltic glass (McLouglin et al 2008;Montague et al 2007). According to McLouglin et al (2008), it appears that chemolithoautotrophs, which employ Fe and Mn oxidation, are plausible candidates for bioerosion of basaltic glass.…”

Section: Substrate Nature Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Extreme habitat adaptation by boring bivalves on volcanically active paleoshores from North Atlantic Macaronesia

Santos

Mayoral

Johnson

et al. 2011

Facies

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Extensive bivalve borings are described in detail for the Wrst time from basalt rockgrounds in the North Atlantic volcanic islands of Macaronesia. They occur on a Middle Miocene rocky shore of a small islet of Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago of Portugal), as well as on Plio-Pleistocene rocky shores on Santiago Island (Cape Verde). A basalt substrate is widely penetrated by clavate-shaped borings belonging to the ichnogenus Gastrochaenolites interpreted as dwelling structures of suspension-feeding bivalves. Some of these borings still retain evidence of the alleged trace-makers preserved as body fossils, while others are Wlled with their casts. The ichnofossil assemblage present on these bioeroded surfaces belongs to the Entobia ichnofacies. Recognition of Gastrochaenolites borings in volcanic rocks provides useful paleoenvironmental information regarding an expanded strategy for hard-substrate colonization. Preliminary results from Weldwork in the Cape Verde Archipelago indicate that such borings are more widespread through Macaronesia than previously thought.

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Section: Substrate Nature Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Extreme habitat adaptation by boring bivalves on volcanically active paleoshores from North Atlantic Macaronesia

Santos

Mayoral

Johnson

et al. 2011

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“…In the marine environment, almost all macroborings are recorded in calcareous substrates, e.g., corals, shells, and carbonate rocks 10 , 21 . There are far fewer examples of fossil and recent marine borings found in non-calcareous rocks and minerals such as siltstones, quartzites, basalts, andesites, dolerites, gneisses, and others 17 , 21 , 22 . From an ichnological point of view, clavate macroborings in hardgrounds and in fossil wood belong to two ichnogenera, i.e., Gastrochaenolites Leymerie 1842 and Teredolites Leymerie 1842 for borings in lithic and lignic substrates, respectively 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a silicate rock-boring organism and macrobioerosion in fresh water

et al. 2018

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Macrobioerosion is a common process in marine ecosystems. Many types of rock-boring organisms break down hard substrates, particularly carbonate rocks and calcareous structures such as dead corals and shells. In paleontology, the presence of rocks with boreholes and fossil macroboring assemblage members is one of the primary diagnostic features of shallow marine paleo-environments. Here we describe a silicate rock-boring organism and an associated community in submerged siltstone rock outcrops in Kaladan River, Myanmar. The rock-boring mussel Lignopholas fluminalis is a close relative of the marine piddocks, and its borings belong to the ichnospecies Gastrochaenolites anauchen. The neotectonic uplift of the area leading to gradual decrease of the sea level with subsequent shift from estuarine to freshwater environment was the most likely driver for the origin of this community. Our findings highlight that rocks with macroborings are not an exclusive indicator of marine paleo-ecosystems, but may also reflect freshwater habitats.

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“…This is somewhat less than from lower Cambrian Estonia, but the difference could be explained by the different size of area used for the study. Johnson, Wilson & Redden (2010) described shallow, parabolic borings which occur in clusters with densities of 1–3.5 cm −2 in quartzite boulders from the basal conglomerate of the Cambrian–Ordovician Deadwood Formation in North America. Mechanical excavation of silicates such as quartizite would seem difficult, but it is more feasible than chemical dissolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the ichnological record of borings is associated with carbonate or wood substrates (Taylor and Wilson 2003); rarely have borings been described from the other substrates such as quartzite and magmatic rocks (Allouc, Le Campion-Alsumard & Leung Tack, 1996; Mikuláš, Nemecková & Adamovic, 2002; Johnson, Wilson & Redden, 2010; Santos et al 2012; Baarli et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borings in phosphatized Cambrian siltstone pebbles, Estonia (Baltica)

Vinn

Toom

2015

Geol. Mag.

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The earliest known macroborings (Trypanites) from Baltica occur in early Cambrian phosphatized siltstone pebbles from Kopli quarry in Tallinn, Estonia. Trypanites borings also occur in Furongian phosphatized siltstone pebbles in northern Estonia. The intensity of bioerosion on these Cambrian pebbles is low compared to analogue substrates from Ordovician deposits of Baltica. These bored phosphatized siltstone pebbles show that bioerosion of hard substrates occurred in relatively cold climate epicontinental seas during Cambrian time.

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Borings in Quartzite Surf Boulders from the Upper Cambrian Basal Deadwood Formation, Black Hills of South Dakota

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Extreme habitat adaptation by boring bivalves on volcanically active paleoshores from North Atlantic Macaronesia

Extreme habitat adaptation by boring bivalves on volcanically active paleoshores from North Atlantic Macaronesia

Discovery of a silicate rock-boring organism and macrobioerosion in fresh water

Borings in phosphatized Cambrian siltstone pebbles, Estonia (Baltica)

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