Borna disease virus

Jordan, Ingo; Lipkin, W. Ian

doi:10.1002/rmv.300

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Likewise, CNS disease associated with inflammatory responses in the CNS has been described in newborn mice infected with non-lytic viruses such as murine leukemia virus or Borna disease virus. [70][71][72][73] Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment, which modulates inflammatory responses, corrected the MCMVinduced morphological deficits within the cerebellum of infected mice. 56 Prednisolone treatment also corrected abnormalities in the transcription of developmentally regulated genes (decreased GABRA6 and CDK5 and increased gli1 and N-myc expression) and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IFN-b and IFN-c).…”

Section: Cmv-induced Developmental Brain Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system—the murine cytomegalovirus model

et al. 2014

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Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection is a leading infectious cause of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including mental retardation and hearing defects. Strict species specificity of cytomegaloviruses has restricted the scope of studies of cytomegalovirus infection in animal models. To investigate the pathogenesis of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection, we developed a mouse cytomegalovirus model that recapitulates the major characteristics of central nervous system infection in human infants, including the route of neuroinvasion and neuropathological findings. Following intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn animals with mouse cytomegalovirus, the virus disseminates to the central nervous system during high-level viremia and replicates in the brain parenchyma, resulting in a focal but widespread, non-necrotizing encephalitis. Central nervous system infection is coupled with the recruitment of resident and peripheral immune cells as well as the expression of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although infiltration of cellular constituents of the innate immune response characterizes the early immune response in the central nervous system, resolution of productive infection requires virus-specific CD8 1 T cells. Perinatal mouse cytomegalovirus infection results in profoundly altered postnatal development of the mouse central nervous system and long-term motor and sensory disabilities. Based on an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of this infection, prospects for novel intervention strategies aimed to improve the outcome of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection are proposed.

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Section: Cmv-induced Developmental Brain Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system—the murine cytomegalovirus model

et al. 2014

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“…It is difficult to know whether this is due to a larger BDV dissemination or merely to a higher interest for the virus, associated with an improvement in the diagnostic methods [34,48]. Moreover the reason for the restricted BDV geographic distribution despite all animal trades around the world, is still unknown.…”

Section: Host Range and Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animals that have survived the acute phase of the disease, recurrent episodes can appear for the rest of the animals life (chronic infection) with depression, apathy, somnolence, fearfulness, in particular after a stress [19,48]. Viral persistence for the whole life without apparent disease has also been described in naturally infected animals of various species [34]. The Borna disease in less described in sheep.…”

Section: Natural Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borna disease: current knowledge and virus detection in France

Dauphin¹,

Legay

Pitel

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

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-For over two centuries, Borna disease (BD) has been described as a sporadically occurring infectious meningoencephalomyelitis affecting horses and sheep in Central Europe. Over the last decade, the BD epidemiology has been discussed. Firstly, its geographical distribution seems larger than what was previously thought. Secondly, the disease can affect a large number of warm-blooded animal species, including humans. The aetiological agent is the Borna disease virus (BDV), an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA virus classified in the new virus family Bornaviridae (Mononegavirales order). It can induce severe clinical signs of encephalitis with striking behavioural disturbances and may cause death. BDV genome has recently been detected in France in the blood and brain of several animal species (horses, bovines, foxes). meningoencephalomyelitis / Borna disease virus / epidemiology / diagnosisRésumé -La maladie de Borna : connaissances actuelles et détection du virus en France. La maladie de Borna est connue depuis plus de deux siècles en Europe centrale comme une méningoencé-phalomyélite d'origine infectieuse affectant les chevaux et les moutons. Depuis ces dix dernières années, l'épidémiologie de la maladie a été révisée puisque la répartition géographique de la maladie de Borna s'avère plus large que rapportée jusqu'alors. En outre, elle peut affecter un grand nombre d'espèces animales à sang chaud, y compris l'homme. L'agent étiologique est le BDV (virus de la maladie de Borna), virus enveloppé, à ARN simple brin, non segmenté et de polarité négative, récem-ment classifié dans la nouvelle famille des Bornaviridae, (ordre des Mononegavirales). Le BDV peut induire des signes cliniques sévères d'encéphalite virale avec des troubles comportementaux importants et il peut entraîner la mort de l'animal. Récemment, le génome du BDV a été mis en évidence en France dans le sang et le cerveau de plusieurs espèces animales (chevaux, bovins, renards). méningoencéphalomyélite / virus de la maladie de Borna / épidémiologie / diagnostic 127

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“…5,15 Natural BD has been well known as a behavioural and movement disorder for more than 100 years. A pathogenic role of BDV is suggested for particular human mental disorders.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…18 Similarly, the virus may migrate centrifugally along the optic nerve into the retina in late stages of the disease in naturally infected horses. 15 The main outcome of the infection is an inflammatory reaction with mononuclear cells entering the neural tissue. Thus, BD is the result of a virus-induced immunopathologic reaction with virus-specific T cells (as well as macrophages/ microglia) playing a significant role in the pathogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of the Retina from Horses Infected with the Borna Disease Virus

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Borna disease (BD) is a fatal disorder of horses, often characterized by blindness. Although degeneration of retinal neurons has been demonstrated in a rat model, there are controversial data concerning whether a similar degeneration occurs in the retina of infected horses. To investigate whether BD may cause degeneration of photoreceptors and possibly of other neuronal cells at least at later stages of the disease, we performed a detailed quantitative morphologic study of retinal tissue from Borna-diseased horses. BD was diagnosed by detection of pathognomonic Joest-Degen inclusion bodies in the postmortem brains. Paraffin sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed retinae were used for histologic and immunohistochemical stainings. Numbers of neurons and Mü ller glial cells were counted, and neuron-to-Mü ller cell ratios were calculated. Among tissues from 9 horses with BD, we found retinae with strongly altered histologic appearance as well as retinae with only minor changes. The neuron-to-Mü ller cell ratio for the whole retina was significantly smaller in diseased animals (8.5 6 0.4; P , .01) as compared with controls (17.6 6 0.8). It can be concluded that BD in horses causes alterations of the retinal histology of a variable degree. The study provides new data about the pathogenesis of BD concerning the retina and demonstrates that a loss of photoreceptors may explain the observed blindness in infected horses.

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Borna disease virus

Cited by 60 publications

References 167 publications

Immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system—the murine cytomegalovirus model

Immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system—the murine cytomegalovirus model

Borna disease: current knowledge and virus detection in France

Morphometric Analysis of the Retina from Horses Infected with the Borna Disease Virus

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