Borna disease virus infection of a horse in Great Britain

Priestnall, Simon L.; Schöniger, Sandra; Ivens, Philip; Eickmann, Markus; Brachthäuser, Laura; Kehr, Kristine; C, Tupper; Piercy, Richard J.; Menzies‐Gow, N. J.; Herden, Christiane

doi:10.1136/vr.c6405

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In experimentally BoDV-1-infected horses and sheep, the time point of first clinical signs is highly variable, ranging from less than two weeks to several months after intracranial or intranasal inoculation (Heinig, 1964;Katz et al, 1998;Matthias, 1958;Mayr & Danner, 1974;Nitzschke, 1963;Schmidt, 1951). Similar incubation periods may be assumed for natural infections, since a BoDV-1-infected alpaca and horse were reported to develop Borna disease two and five months, respectively, after translocation from endemic regions in Germany to locations outside the known endemic areas (Jacobsen et al, 2010;Priestnall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The animals exhibited typical neurologic signs and behavioural changes, as well as unspecific clinical courses characterized mainly by loss of appetite and progressive weight loss. Similarly diverse forms of Borna disease have been reported not only for New World camelids, but also for other dead-end hosts, such as equids and sheep, and the time until death has been described to vary from few days to several months after disease onset (Altmann et al, 1976;Caplazi et al, 1999;Heinig, 1964;Jacobsen et al, 2010;Katz et al, 1998;Kobera, 2016;Matthias, 1958;Priestnall et al, 2011;Rott & Becht, 1995;Vahlenkamp et al, 2002;Weissenböck et al, 2017). These findings further emphasize that BoDV-1 has to be considered as a possible cause not only for neurologic disorders but also for untypical clinical presentations in potential dead-end hosts in known endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Schulze

Große

Fürstenau

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1) is the causative agent of Borna disease, an often fatal neurologic condition of domestic mammals, including New World camelids, in endemic areas in Central Europe. Recently, BoDV‐1 gained further attention by the confirmation of fatal zoonotic infections in humans. Although Borna disease and BoDV‐1 have been described already over the past decades, comprehensive reports of Borna disease outbreaks in domestic animals employing state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic methods are missing. Here, we report a series of BoDV‐1 infections in a herd of 27 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, which resulted in eleven fatalities (41%) within ten months. Clinical courses ranged from sudden death without previous clinical signs to acute or chronic neurologic disease with death occurring after up to six months. All animals that underwent necropsy exhibited a non‐suppurative encephalitis. In addition, six apparently healthy seropositive individuals were identified within the herd, suggesting subclinical BoDV‐1 infections. In infected animals, BoDV‐1 RNA and antigen were mainly restricted to the central nervous system and the eye, and sporadically detectable in large peripheral nerves and neuronal structures in other tissues. Pest control measures on the farm resulted in the collection of a BoDV‐1‐positive bicoloured white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon), while all other trapped small mammals were negative. A phylogeographic analysis of BoDV‐1 sequences from the alpacas, the shrew and BoDV‐1‐positive equine cases from the same region in Brandenburg revealed a previously unreported endemic area of BoDV‐1 cluster 4 in North‐Western Brandenburg. In conclusion, alpacas appear to be highly susceptible to BoDV‐1 infection and display a highly variable clinical picture ranging from peracute death to subclinical forms. In addition to horses and sheep, they can serve as sensitive sentinels used for the identification of endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Schulze

Große

Fürstenau

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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show abstract

“…The route of infection with BoDV occurs most likely via open nerve endings in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa (Dürrwald et al, 2007, Priestnall et al, 2011. Shrews have been identified as carriers of the virus, whereas BoDV-infected horses do not seem to play a role in virus transmission (Nobach et al, 2015, Hilbe et al, 2006, Staeheli et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Borna disease virus antibodies in breeding and sport horses in Spain.

pez

Schmid

Camino

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Borna disease virus (BoDV) can cause neurological disease in several vertebrate species, especially in horses and sheep. The recent cases of fatal encephalitis caused by BoDV in humans have raised concern regarding the zoonotic character of this virus. BoDV infection in horses is endemic in Central Europe, whereas in Spain the disease is regarded as an exotic disease in horses and serological investigations in these animals have never been performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure to BoDV in breeding and sport horses in Spain and to determine risk factors for the transmission of the virus. Serum samples from 495 horses (260 sport horses and 235 Spanish Purebred breeding horses) were tested by an Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). From the SP breeding horses we examined factors putatively associated with seropositivity to BoDV. A total of 164 horses (33.1%; 95% CI 29.0-37.3) showed antibodies against BoDV. Factors associated with BoDV seropositivity in the SP breeding horses were climate, age and the time of the year when the horses were sampled. This is the first report on the presence of BoDV antibodies in apparently asymptomatic breeding and sport horses in Spain. Our results demonstrate the need for BoDV surveillance in horses and possible reservoir hosts in this country, and suggests that BoDV should be included in the differential diagnosis of equine and human cases of encephalitis. First report of Borna disease virus antibodies in breeding and sport horses in Spain.

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“…Article7(b) The impact of diseases 3.1.2.1. Article 7(b)(i) The impact of the disease on agricultural and aquaculture production and other parts of the economy The level of presence of the disease in the Union Parameter 1 -Number of MSs where the disease is present Mammalian bornaviruses (Mammalian 1 bornavirus): Confirmed disease in end hosts such as horses and sheep have been reported in at least 5 countries (Germany from earliest reports on around 1890s to date, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtensteinall since 1970s, the UK (2008) (D €urrwald et al, 2006;Priestnall et al, 2011).Avian Bornaviruses (Psittacine bornavirus 1 and 2, Passeriform bornavirus 1 and 2, waterbird 1 bornavirus, unclassified bornaviruses): Presumably present in all Member States (MS), although no data from all MS are available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Borna disease

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Borna disease has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of Borna disease to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of Borna disease according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to Borna disease. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, Borna disease cannot be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no compliance on criterion 5 A(v). Consequently, the assessment on compliance of Borna disease with the criteria as in Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in Article 9(1) is not applicable, as well as which animal species can be considered to be listed for Borna disease according to Article 8(3) of the AHL.

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Borna disease virus infection of a horse in Great Britain

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

First report of Borna disease virus antibodies in breeding and sport horses in Spain.

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Borna disease

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