Borneo lute ‘sape’: The frequency spectrum and time frequency analysis (TFA)

Hamdan, Sinin; Said, Khairul Anwar Mohamad; Rahman, Md. Rezaur; Sawawi, Marini; Sinin, Aaliyawani Ezzerin

doi:10.15376/biores.18.4.6761-6771

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Tapi have an acoustic spectrum pattern with a constant harmonic overtone. In the authors' previous study on Sape (Hamdan et al 2023a), the Sape open string 1 and frets 1 through 17 have notes F3, G3, A3, Bb3, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, Bb4, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, A5, and C6. The Sape string 1 has the first two octaves in the F major scale, whilst the third octave has only four notes, with a jumping note between A5 and C6 in the third octave (which consists of F5, G5, A5, and C6 only).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Sape string 1 has the first two octaves in the F major scale, whilst the third octave has only four notes, with a jumping note between A5 and C6 in the third octave (which consists of F5, G5, A5, and C6 only). The jumping note from A5 to C6 was purposely done with the intention to ease the playing of traditional songs (Hamdan et al 2023a). Table 2 shows the frequency of the open string 1 with the 17 frets for Tapi and Sape (Hamdan et al 2023a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The jumping note from A5 to C6 was purposely done with the intention to ease the playing of traditional songs (Hamdan et al 2023a). Table 2 shows the frequency of the open string 1 with the 17 frets for Tapi and Sape (Hamdan et al 2023a). Figure 4 plots the fret number versus the note frequency for Tapi and Sape.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean value of quality factor Q -1 , dynamic Young's modulus ED, and acoustic coefficient efficiency ACE of Pulai (Alstonia macrophylla with γ = 0.62) are 0.026, 8.72 GPa, and 0.718, respectively (Sedik et al 2010). Studies have been conducted on Sape (Hamdan et al 2023a) and Gambus instruments (Hamdan et al 2023b). Historically and traditionally, the Tapi instrument is made from Pulai wood, but no data on the key, tuning of the notes, and frequency characteristics of the instrument have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Acoustics of the forgotten Tapi two-strings lute of Lun Bawang

Sinin,

Hamdan,

Said

et al. 2023

BioRes

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The Tapi two-strings lute is typically made from Pulai (Alstonia spp.), a light hardwood in the Apocynaceae family. This study determines the tuning retrieval of the Tapi two strings lute instrument. This work investigated the string notes using a microphone for recording the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the signal to determine the fundamental and the partial frequency of Tapi two strings lute instrument. The Tapi was tuned to the E major key with F#, C#, G#, and D# note. The time frequency analysis (TFA) showed that each open string has its own timbre characteristics. The open string 1 showed only 3 important partials, whereas open string 2 showed 6 important partials. Frets 2, 4, 6, and 8 showed more partials than frets 1, 3, 5, and 7. Both fret 9 and 10 showed a similar number of partials. Frets 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 showed less partials and were evenly distributed, whereas fret 17 clearly showed only 4 partials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acoustics of the forgotten Tapi two-strings lute of Lun Bawang

Sinin,

Hamdan,

Said

et al. 2023

BioRes

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Numerical vibrational acoustics and sound quality assessment of pipa strings

Zhao,

Wen,

et al. 2024

Journal of Vibration and Control

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This study harmonizes subjective auditory and psychological elements related to plucked strings with objective physical attributes through spectrum analysis and numerical simulation, confirming the congruity between objective assessment systems and subjective perceptions in evaluating pipa string sound quality. The research combines experimental investigation of plucked pipa string vibrations with detailed numerical simulations of vibrational acoustic fields using a specified 3 N input force. Results demonstrate that as frequency increases (from A4: 440 Hz to E6: 1320 Hz), more pronounced vibrations emerge along the pipa body, leading to heightened overall sound pressure within the vibrational acoustic fields. The sound pressure distribution analysis reveals that the rosewood pipa exhibits significantly lower standard deviations of 41.8% and 41.9% compared to the tung wood pipa, and 24.6% and 32.2% lower than the white wood pipa at 440 Hz and 1320 Hz, respectively, highlighting the rosewood pipa’s superior sound pressure uniformity. Additionally, an assessment of the A4 signal’s Power Spectral Density (PSD) distribution underscores even spectral energy dispersion in the rosewood pipa’s A4 sound signal, with minor resonance peaks in higher-order overtones beyond 5000 Hz, further substantiating the superior sound quality of the rosewood pipa, in line with expert reviews.

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The Changes of Acoustic Vibration Properties of Spruce Wood During the Multi-Layered Alcohol Varnish Coating Process

Zhou,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Forests

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The multi-layered and multi-material structures of a violin’s surface varnish film make it more challenging to comprehensively understand the patterns of sound quality changes during the coating process. Using an alcohol varnish coating technique on one or both sides of the wood, along with a combination of micro-morphology, material characterization, and vibration signal processing, this study traced and analyzed the changes in the acoustic vibration properties of Norway spruce wood during the coating process. The results showed that the acoustic characteristics of the coated wood tended to change in an unfavorable direction throughout the coating process, and the specific dynamic elastic modulus (Esp) of the final single- and double-sided coating varied by −1.77% and −6.07%, respectively. The loss angle tangent (tanδ) had the opposite trend, with rates of change of 20.76% and 30.42%. The sizing and priming treatments in the pretreatment stage had some positive effects on the acoustic properties of the wood specimens. Additionally, significant changes in acoustic vibration performance parameters began to be highlighted at the color paint stage (p < 0.05). These insights provide reference data for the improvement of violin acoustic performance and the simplification of the coating process.

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Borneo lute ‘sape’: The frequency spectrum and time frequency analysis (TFA)

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Acoustics of the forgotten Tapi two-strings lute of Lun Bawang

Acoustics of the forgotten Tapi two-strings lute of Lun Bawang

Numerical vibrational acoustics and sound quality assessment of pipa strings

The Changes of Acoustic Vibration Properties of Spruce Wood During the Multi-Layered Alcohol Varnish Coating Process

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