Two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterial heterostructures,
arising
from the combination of 2D materials with other low-dimensional species,
feature a large surface area to volume ratio, which provides a high
density of active sites for catalytic applications and for (photo)electrocatalysis
(PEC). Meanwhile, their electronic band structure and high electrical
conductivity enable efficient charge transfer (CT) between the active
material and the substrate, which is essential for catalytic activity.
In recent years, researchers have demonstrated the potential of a
range of 2D material interfaces, such as graphene, graphitic carbon
nitride (g-C3N4), metal chalcogenides (MCs),
and MXenes, for (photo)electrocatalytic applications. For instance,
MCs such as MoS2 and WS2 have shown excellent
catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, while graphene and MXenes
have been used for the reduction of carbon dioxide to higher value
chemicals. However, despite their great potential, there are still
major challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential
of 2D materials for PEC. For example, their stability under harsh
reaction conditions, as well as their scalability for large-scale
production are important factors to be considered. Generating heterojunctions
(HJs) by combining 2D layered structures with other nanomaterials
is a promising method to improve the photoelectrocatalytic properties
of the former. In this review, we inspect thoroughly the recent literature,
to demonstrate the significant potential that arises from utilizing
2D layered heterostructures in PEC processes across a broad spectrum
of applications, from energy conversion and storage to environmental
remediation. With the ongoing research and development, it is likely
that the potential of these materials will be fully expressed in the
near future.