Boron in the Environment

Kot, Fyodor S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63454-2.00001-0

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…The major boron producers are Turkey (39% of global production), USA (24%), Argentina (14%), and Chile (10%). Boron is used for glass (51%), ceramics (13%), agriculture (14%), detergents (3%), and other users (19%) [ Kot , ]. The fluctuations of global B ore production are equivalent to 0.7 to 1.5 Tg of B/yr (Figure ), twice that reported by Park and Schlesinger [] and significantly higher than the estimates of Duce [].…”

Section: Anthropogenic Boron Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The B content of the Earth's continental crust is given as 11 mg/kg [ Wedepohl , ; cf. Leeman and Sisson , ], but the mean content of B in soils of the U.S. and global soils is higher—33 and 40 mg/kg, respectively [ Shacklette and Boerngen , ; Kot , ]. Assuming the average content in soils is about 30 mg/kg, the mobilization of soil dusts corresponds to a B flux of 0.053 Tg B/yr.…”

Section: Background Geochemical Cycle For Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global boron cycle in the Anthropocene

Schlesinger

Vengosh

2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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This paper presents a revised and updated synthesis of the biogeochemical cycle of boron at the Earth's surface, where the largest fluxes are associated with the injection of sea‐salt aerosols to the atmosphere (1.44 Tg B/yr), production and combustion of fossil fuels (1.2 Tg B/yr), atmospheric deposition (3.48 Tg B/yr), the mining of B ores (1.1 Tg B/yr), and the transport of dissolved and suspended matter in rivers (0.80 Tg B/yr). The new estimates show that anthropogenic mobilization of B from the continental crust exceeds the naturally occurring processes, resulting in substantial fluxes to the ocean and the hydrosphere. The anthropogenic component contributes 81% of the flux in rivers. The mean residence time for B in seawater supports the use of δ11B in marine carbonates as an index of changes in the pH of seawater over time periods of > 1 Ma.

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Section: Anthropogenic Boron Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background Geochemical Cycle For Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global boron cycle in the Anthropocene

Schlesinger

Vengosh

2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Boron does not exist in nature as a pure element. It is found in bonded form [1,2]. There are over 200 different boron minerals in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the hydrosphere, the main reservoir of boron is seawater, which has an average content of 4.5 mg/L [2,8]. This is because marine clays are richer in boron than other types of rock [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Content of Boron in Curative Water: From the Spa to Industrial Recovery of Borates? (Poland as a Case Study)

et al. 2020

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Boron minerals are a sought-after raw material. The European Union’s total dependence on imported borates means that this has been a critical material since 2014. Due to the increased use of borates in modern economies, data on the predicted boron demand in the coming years indicate that it may become a critical element on a global scale. Formerly, the high boron content in groundwater was the basis for qualifying it as medicinal water (boric water). Nevertheless, the current information on the potential toxicity of boron and the narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity of boron in the human body has caused a tightening of the limits of this element in water intended for human consumption. For this reason, metaboric acid has lost its position as a specific component of curative waters. However, despite the fact that boron is not currently a specific component of curative waters, it is found in measureable concentrations in Polish medicinal water considered therapeutic based on other valuable specific components. High boron content in curative water may be the cause of the problems in some spas when obtaining certificates confirming the therapeutic properties of waters. Literature data indicate that waters with high boron content (above 25 mg/L) should not be freely available for drinking in pump rooms and other places in health resorts. To identify the situation with Polish health resorts, the content of boron in 248 curative water samples was analyzed. In 154 of these samples, the boron concentration was relatively low and did not exceed 5 mg/L. However, in the remaining 94 samples, the boron content exceeded 5 mg/L, and 38 samples had boron content exceeding 30 mg/L. Ten of the 248 samples of curative water had a boron concentration above 100 mg/L, which may be a potential source of boron for industrial recovery. The highest concentration of boron was noticed in a water sample from the Wysowa health resort and was 187.6 mg/L. Unfortunately, most of water intakes with a high concentration of boron (above 100 mg/L) are low-yielding wells. Based on the data collected, Rabka appears to be the best candidate for small-scale boron production in terms of boron content and water resources values.

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“…During the recent years, increased attention has been given to boron removal from water [1] and [2]. Although boron content in water at concentration of 0.3 mg/L or less, is beneficial for both humans' consumption and irrigation, however, at higher boron levels it can be hazardous to humans, plants and animals [3] and [4]. Accordingly to current World Health Organization guidelines on drinking water quality, the recommended boron content in drinking water is established as 2.4 mg/L [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%