Boron removal from aqueous solutions by ion-exchange resin: Column sorption–elution studies

Optimization of the process parameters for the removal of boron from drinking water by electrocoagulation—a clean technology

“…To determine the isotherms, the initial pH was kept at 7 and the concentration of boron varied over the range 3-7 mg L −1 . The Freundlich isotherm is derived to model multilayer adsorption and the empirical isotherm is defined as follows 33 q e = KC n (13) According to this model the initial amount of adsorbed compound increases rapidly, then slows down with increasing surface coverage. Equation (13) can be linearised and the Freundlich constants determined as follows 34 log q e = log k f + n log C e (14) where k f is the Freundlich constant related to adsorption capacity, n is the energy or intensity of adsorption, C e is the equilibrium concentration of boron (mg L −1 ).…”

“…Removing boron from water is difficult and can be prohibitively expensive and impractical. 9,13,14 Conventional methods for removing boron include coagulation-precipitation, biological processes, ion exchange, membrane technology and electrodialysis. 15 -19 In general, conventional processes have disadvantages including incomplete metal removal, they require expensive equipment and monitoring systems, have high reagent and energy requirements or generate toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal.…”

Boron removal from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation

“…Ion-exchange process in which N-methyl glucamine type resins such as Amberlite XE 243, Amberlite JRN-78, Amberlite IRA743, Diaion CRB01, Diaion CRB02, Wofatit MK51 and Purolite S108 have been used is the most extensively studied and reported in the literature [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. As the most efficient method, ion-exchange process can even remove boron to levels of <50 g/L, far below the required limits [26].…”

Ceramic foam supported active materials for boron remediation in water

“…Main processes for boron removal include adsorption [8,9], coagulation [10], reverse osmosis [11][12][13][14], electrodialysis [15], etc. The adsorption process is extensively used [16,17]. Therefore, novel materials and methods are being developed [18].…”