Boron Removal From Seawater Using Reverse Osmosis Integrated Processes

Kabay, Nalan; Bryjak, Marek

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63454-2.00009-5

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The potential of boron atoms to form stable molecular networks [ 1 , 2 ] lies in the fact that they have three valence electrons and four available orbitals, which implies they are electron-deficient. In addition, they have a small covalent radius of 0.8–1.01 Å [ 3 , 4 ], a high ionization energy (344.2 kJ/mol) [ 3 ], and an affinity for oxygen atoms, which is the basis of borates [ 3 , 5 ]. Boron atoms’ electron deficiency gives rise to a vast number of allotropic forms and uncommon geometries [ 2 , 6 , 7 ], such as nanotubes [ 8 , 9 ], borospherenes [ 10 ], borophene [ 7 ], cages [ 9 , 11 ], planar [ 12 ], quasi planar [ 13 ], rings [ 14 , 15 ], chiral [ 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], boron-based helix clusters [ 16 , 21 ], and fluxional boron clusters [ 2 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], which have recently attracted the interest of experimental and theoretical researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be4B8 Cluster at Different Temperatures

et al. 2021

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Lowest-energy structures, the distribution of isomers, and their molecular properties depend significantly on geometry and temperature. Total energy computations using DFT methodology are typically carried out at a temperature of zero K; thereby, entropic contributions to the total energy are neglected, even though functional materials work at finite temperatures. In the present study, the probability of the occurrence of one particular Be4B8 isomer at temperature T is estimated by employing Gibbs free energy computed within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics and nanothermodynamics. To identify a list of all possible low-energy chiral and achiral structures, an exhaustive and efficient exploration of the potential/free energy surfaces is carried out using a multi-level multistep global genetic algorithm search coupled with DFT. In addition, we discuss the energetic ordering of structures computed at the DFT level against single-point energy calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The total VCD/IR spectra as a function of temperature are computed using each isomer’s probability of occurrence in a Boltzmann-weighted superposition of each isomer’s spectrum. Additionally, we present chemical bonding analysis using the adaptive natural density partitioning method in the chiral putative global minimum. The transition state structures and the enantiomer–enantiomer and enantiomer–achiral activation energies as a function of temperature evidence that a change from an endergonic to an exergonic type of reaction occurs at a temperature of 739 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be4B8 Cluster at Different Temperatures

et al. 2021

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“…The dominant forms of inorganic boron in aqueous systems are mononuclear species, such as boric acid H 3 BO 3 (or B(OH) 3 ) and oxyborate ion H 2 BO 3 − (or B(OH) 4 − ). The distribution of these forms is connected with the first dissociation constant K a of boric acid that is equal to 5.8 × 10 −10 mol/dm 3 in pure water at a temperature of 25 °C [1]. The most important parameter, which determines the speciation of boric acid and borate ion in aqueous solutions, is the pH of the medium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the main sources for boron contamination of water are wastewater discharges from the glass and ceramic industry (the largest market representing 56% global borate demand), but substantial amounts of this element are also emitted by metallurgy, mining and treatment of borate minerals, coal mining, and power industry. Boron is discarded to the environment as domestic wastewater effluents that may be extremely enriched in this element, with B(III) concentrations varying from several micrograms to several hundred micrograms per liter [1]. Contaminating drinking water, boron significantly affects the metabolism of Ca, P, and F, and can damage the nervous system in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Lanthanum Ions and Chitosan for Boron Elimination from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2019

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Boron is an essential element for plants and living organisms; however, it can be harmful if its concentration in the environment is too high. In this paper, lanthanum(III) ions were introduced to the structure of chitosan via an encapsulation technique and the obtained hydrogel (La-CTS) was used for the elimination of the excess of B(III) from modelling solutions. The reaction between boric acid and hydroxyl groups bound to the lanthanum coordinated by chitosan active centres was the preponderant mechanism of the bio-adsorption removal process. The results demonstrated that La-CTS removed boric acid from the aqueous solution more efficiently than either lanthanum hydroxide or native chitosan hydrogel, respectively. When the initial boron concentration was 100 mg/dm3, the maximum adsorption capacity of 11.1 ± 0.3 mg/g was achieved at pH 5 and the adsorption time of 24 h. The successful introduction of La(III) ions to the chitosan backbone was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Due to its high-performance boron adsorption-desorption cycle and convenient form, La-CTS seems to be a promising bio-adsorbent for water treatment.

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“…Boron exists mostly as boric acid in water. Conventional RO technology is not able achieve more than 50% boron rejection; thus, there is a need to improve this technology so that boron content of RO permeates can meet the regulatory standard [215][216][217]. Biomimetics can play an important role in the improvement of this technology because bioinspired membranes have the potential to reject everything except water at a high water permeability rate.…”

Section: Trace Pollutant Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic membranes: A critical review of recent progress

et al. 2017

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A membrane material that can concurrently provide commercially acceptable levels of water permeability, high salt rejection, and of sufficient stability to withstand mechanical and chemical stresses seems to be necessary to guarantee the energy and environmental sustainability of desalination systems and other membrane separation processes. Recent developments in desalination have shown that bio-inspired membranes are moving steadily in this direction. Sustainable desalination via aquaporin-based bio-inspired membranes is elucidated in this paper in terms of recent commercialization exploitation and progress towards real operations. Current large-scale applications, viable opportunities, remaining challenges and sustainability of operations, in terms of comparison with established technologies, are discussed in this paper. The major drawback of aquaporin-based membranes, which has been highlighted repeatedly in recent studies, is the stability of the membranes during real operations. This review is focused on recent solutions provided by scientists towards the mitigation of these problems and commercialization of aquaporin-based membranes.

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Boron Removal From Seawater Using Reverse Osmosis Integrated Processes

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be4B8 Cluster at Different Temperatures

Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be4B8 Cluster at Different Temperatures

The Use of Lanthanum Ions and Chitosan for Boron Elimination from Aqueous Solutions

Biomimetic membranes: A critical review of recent progress

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