Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. is widely distributed in Europe and Asia

Margos, Gabriele; Wilske, Bettina; Sing, Andreas; Hizo-Teufel, Cecilia; Cao, Wu‐Chun; Chu, Chen-Yi; Scholz, Holger C.; Straubinger, Reinhard K.; Fingerle, Volker

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.052001-0

Cited by 107 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is also known that R. akari, R. conorii and R. sibirica are highly lethal for C3H/HeJ mice, but R. rickettsii and R. australis are not (Eisemann et al, 1984). R. helvetica did not show any pathogenic effect on Swiss mice, guinea pigs or domestic rabbits (Hajem et al, 2009 (Baranton et al, 1992;Canica et al, 1993;Wilske et al, 1996;Wang et al, 1997;Richter et al, 2006;Margos et al, 2009Margos et al, , 2013Hubálek et al, 2011). Rodents are the most important reservoir hosts for B.afzelii, B. burgdorferi s.s., B. spielmanii and B. bavariensis (Kurtenbach et al, 1998;Huegli et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among domestic ruminants and horses in Poland

Szymańska-Czerwińska¹,

Jodełko²,

Pluta³

et al. 2017

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Summary. -Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. The cases of the disease are recorded in various species, including domestic animals. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Totally, 2082 serum samples from 936 goats, 933 cattle, 89 sheep, and 124 horses, including various horse breeds, were tested by ELISA or complement fixation test. The examination revealed that Polish horses are seronegative while in the populations of cattle and small ruminants, seropositive animals are presented. The percentage of seropositive cattle, goats and sheep was 4.18, 6.30, and 13.48, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among domestic ruminants and horses in Poland

Szymańska-Czerwińska¹,

Jodełko²,

Pluta³

et al. 2017

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“…It has to be considered, however, that detection of spirochetal DNA demonstrates solely the exposure to that pathogen and fails to prove whether it is viable and whether the exposed host becomes infectious to ticks. Whereas B. afzelii and B. bavariensis are known to be associated with rodents, B. garinii generally appears better adapted to birds (4,5,32). Edible dormice frequently rest in nest boxes that were previously used by birds during their nesting period and may occasionally come into contact with ticks deriving from birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Prevalence of Lyme Disease Spirochetes in a Heterothermic Mammal, the Edible Dormouse (Glis glis)

Fietz

Tomiuk

Matuschka

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cIn Europe, dormice serve as competent reservoir hosts for particular genospecies of the tick-borne agent of Lyme disease (LD) and seem to support them more efficiently than do mice or voles. The longevity of edible dormice (Glis glis) and their attractiveness for ticks may result in a predominance of LD spirochetes in ticks questing in dormouse habitats. To investigate the role of edible dormice in the transmission cycle of LD spirochetes, we sampled skin tissue from the ear pinnae of dormice inhabiting five different study sites in south western Germany. Of 501 edible dormice, 12.6% harbored DNA of LD spirochetes. Edible dormice were infected most frequently with the pathogenic LD spirochete Borrelia afzelii. The DNA of B. garinii and B. bavariensis was detected in ca. 0.5% of the examined individuals. No spirochetal DNA was detectable in the skin of edible dormice until July, 6 weeks after they generally start to emerge from their obligate hibernation. Thereafter, the prevalence of spirochetal DNA in edible dormice increased during the remaining period of their 4 to 5 months of activity, reaching nearly 40% in September. Males were more than four times more likely to harbor LD spirochetes than females, and yearlings were almost twice more likely to be infected than adults. The seasonality of the prevalence of LD spirochetes in edible dormice was pronounced and may affect their role as a reservoir host in respect to other hosts.

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“…BB0405 orthologs from B. garinii PBi (renamed B. bavariensis PBi [49]) and B. afzelii PKo have been identified as novel FH binding proteins (36,37). Several B. burgdorferi surface-exposed lipoproteins are known to bind host FH and inhibit complementmediated killing (14,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirochetes were cultured in BSK-II medium containing 6% heatinactivated rabbit serum at 34°C (complete BSK-II medium) (62) and supplemented with 200 g per ml kanamycin. B. garinii strain PBi (now referred to as B. bavariensis PBi [49]) and B. afzelii PKo were used for amplification of the bg0407 and ba0422 genes, respectively. Cloning experiments were performed by using Escherichia coli strains DH5␣ and C41(DE3) (Lucigen, Middleton, WI) and were cultured in lysogeny broth (LB) medium or agar supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Binding of FH to the borrelial surface inhibits the activation of the alternative pathway of complement and confers serum resistance (13)(14)(15)(16)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). Recently, BB0405 orthologs from B. garinii PBi (BG0407) (which is now referred to as B. bavariensis PBi [49]) and B. afzelii PKo (BAPKO_0422) have been shown to bind human FH (36,37). To examine if the B. burgdorferi BB0405 and BB0406 proteins have human FH binding capability, we performed affinity ligand binding immunoblot (ALBI) assays.…”

Section: Fig 5 Generation Of Bb0405-and Bb0406-complemented Strains mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outer Membrane Proteins BB0405 and BB0406 Are Immunogenic, but Only BB0405 Is Required for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection

2017

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We recently identified the Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane protein (OMP) BB0406 and found that the gene encoding this OMP was cotranscribed with the gene encoding the OMP BB0405. Interestingly, BB0405 and BB0406 share 59% similarity and are grouped into the same B. burgdorferi paralogous gene family. Given their overall similarity, it is plausible that both OMPs have similar or overlapping functions in this pathogenic spirochete. BB0405 was recently shown to be required for mammalian infection despite the observations that BB0405 is poorly immunogenic and not recognized during mouse or human infection. BB0405 orthologs have also been shown to bind the complement regulator protein factor H. Therefore, to better elucidate the role of BB0405 and its paralog BB0406 during infection and in serum resistance, we examined both proteins in animal infection, factor H binding, and serum sensitivity assays. Our combined results suggest that BB0405-and BB0406-specific antibodies are borreliacidal and that both OMPs are immunogenic during nonhuman primate infection. Additionally, while BB0405 was found to be required for establishing mouse infection, BB0406 was not found to be essential for infectivity. In contrast to data from previous reports, however, neither OMP was found to bind human factor H or to be required for enhancing serum resistance of B. burgdorferi in vitro.KEYWORDS Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease, outer membrane proteins, spirochete L yme disease is a multisystem infection caused by pathogenic spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (1, 2). It is the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in the United States and has become a major public health concern (3, 4). The enzootic life cycle of the spirochete is complex and involves tick vectors of the Ixodes genus that transmit the spirochete to a wide range of mammalian host reservoirs in nature. Humans are accidental hosts and play no significant role in the spirochete life cycle (5). The primary manifestations of Lyme disease are a localized rash, termed erythema migrans, and flu-like symptoms (6). In the absence of antibiotic treatment, spirochetes can disseminate to multiple organs, including the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system (7). To disseminate to these distant sites, the spirochete must evade serum-mediated killing and the subsequent adaptive immune response that ensues in the mammalian host (5,6,8).Given that B. burgdorferi is an extracellular pathogen, the outer membrane (OM) of this organism is the interface between the spirochete and the host during infection. The two major classes of proteins present in the borrelial OM are (i) outer surface lipoproteins (Osps) that are anchored to the outer leaflet of the OM bilayer by their N-terminal lipid moieties and (ii) integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that contain membrane-spanning domains. Membrane-anchored Osps have been well studied be-

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Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. is widely distributed in Europe and Asia

Cited by 107 publications

References 35 publications

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among domestic ruminants and horses in Poland

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among domestic ruminants and horses in Poland

Seasonal Prevalence of Lyme Disease Spirochetes in a Heterothermic Mammal, the Edible Dormouse (Glis glis)

Outer Membrane Proteins BB0405 and BB0406 Are Immunogenic, but Only BB0405 Is Required for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection

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