Borrelia burgdorferi—associated cutaneous B cell lymphoma: Clinical and immunohistologic characterization of four cases

Garbe, Claus; Stein, Harald; Dienemann, D.; Orfanos, Constantin E.

doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70088-j

Cited by 210 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Such an association might help to explain the development of lymphoid malignancies associated with chronic antigenic stimulation seen in a variety of conditions such as Helicobacter related peptic ulcer (Hussell et al, 1993), Lyme disease (Garbe et al, 1991), Sjoegren's syndrome (Pavlidis et al, 1992), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Isaacson, 1993) and Castleman's disease (Soulier et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal translocations deregulating c-myc are associated with normal immune responses

et al. 1997

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Plasmacytomas induced in BALB/c mice by pristane consistently evidence chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc gene and one of the Ig loci. This observation has lead to the suggestion that c-myc deregulation is a critical event in the generation of such tumors. However, it is not clear whether c-myc translocation is related to pristane treatment or occurs in normal lymphocyte populations nor whether such translocations occur normally, and at similar frequencies, in strains genetically resistant to plasmacytoma development, such as DBA/2. In order to address these questions, a Long Distance PCR assay with single copy sensitivity was employed to assess the frequency of cmyc/IgA translocations in normal and immunized mice of both plasmacytoma resistant and susceptible lineages in the absence of pristane treatment. Our data demonstrate that spontaneous translocations occur in normal DBA/2 and BALB/c mice with no signi®cant di erences in frequency. A 3 ± 5-fold increase in translocation frequency was observed in mice immunized with cholera toxin, a strong stimulator of IgA responses. We conclude that c-myc deregulation by chromosomal translocation is associated with normal physiological processes of B-cell di erentiation and, as such, can not be the determining factor leading to malignancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal translocations deregulating c-myc are associated with normal immune responses

et al. 1997

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“…10,[13][14][15] At the same time, it seems that primary cutaneous BCL constitutes a heterogeneous group encompassing tumors denominated as FL, marginal-zone BCL and diffuse large BCL, although the precise distinction of these different cutaneous BCLs is a matter of controversy. 1,2,5,7,[16][17][18] Underlying all the uncertainties about the knowledge and classification of cutaneous BCLs is the relative paucity of available information about distinctive molecular events, with the exception of the identification of local phenomena such as Borrelia burgdorferi infection, and the expression of skin-related adhesion molecules [19][20][21] in a subset of cutaneous BCLs.…”

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confidence: 99%

IgV and bcl6 somatic mutation analysis reveals the heterogeneity of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, and indicates the presence of undisclosed local antigens

et al. 2004

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Our understanding of the ontology of B-cell lymphomas (BCL) has been improved by the study of mutational status of IgV H and bcl6 genes, but only a few cases of cutaneous BCL have been examined for this status. We analyzed IgV H and bcl6 somatic mutations in 10 cutaneous BCL, classified as follicular (three primary and one secondary), primary marginal zone (two cases), and diffuse large BCL (three primary and one secondary). We observed a lower rate (o2%) of IgV H mutation in all marginal zone lymphomas, and a preferential usage of V H 2-70 (one primary follicular and two primary diffuse large BCL). Fewer than expected replacement mutations in framework regions (FR) were observed in three primary follicular lymphomas (FLs) and in all diffuse large BCL, indicating a negative antigen selection pressure. Ongoing mutations were observed in eight of 10 cases. Only two primary FLs and two diffuse large BCL showed bcl6 somatic mutation. These data support the heterogeneous nature of the different cutaneous BCL, and specifically the distinction between cutaneous follicular and marginal zone lymphomas. The biased usage of V H 2-70, the low rate of replacement mutation in the FR, and the presence of ongoing mutation imply that local antigens could modulate the growth of primary cutaneous BCL.

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“…Lymphotropic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpes virus 8, and Human T-Lymphotrophic virus 1 directly infect a subset of lymphoid cells in which they express viral oncogenes that favor cell transformation. Other microbial species such as Helicobacter pylori [21], Campylobacter jejuni [22], and Borrelia burgdorferi [23], may induce chronic inflammation together with protracted antigenic stimulation inducing chronic lymphoid proliferation and leading to lymphoid transformation indirectly, in the absence of lymphoid infection. In all these situations, inflammation and lymphoid infiltration displaying MALT architecture develop at the primary site of the bacterial infection and, therefore, lead to lymphoid transformation at this local infection site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular adnexal lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori gastric infection

et al. 2010

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There is a causal association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastric infection and the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. In contrast, the link between Hp gastric infection and the development of extragastric lymphoma has not been thoroughly investigated. We, therefore, studied the prevalence of gastric Hp infection at initial diagnosis of ophthalmologic and nonophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma patients. Three cohorts of patients were studied: a first one of 83 patients with OAL, a second one of 101 patients with extraophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma, and a third one of 156 control individuals (control) without malignant lymphoma. Gastric Hp infection was investigated by histopathological analysis and Hp-specific PCR assay on gastric biopsy tissue samples. We found gastric Hp infection in 37 OAL patients (45%), in 25 extraophthalmologic extragastric lymphoma cases (25%), and in 18 controls individuals (12%) (P < 0.0001 OAL/C and P < 0.01 OAL/extra-OAL cases). Gastritis was found in 51% and 9% of Hp-positive and Hp-negative lymphoma patients, respectively (P < 10 24 ). Gastric Hp infection only correlated with MALT/LPL lymphoma (P 5 0.03). There is a significant association between gastric Hp infection and MALT/LPL OAL. This suggests a novel mechanism of indirect infection-associated lymphomagenesis whereby chronic local antigen stimulation would lead to the emergence of ectopic B-cell lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 85:645-649, 2010. V

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Borrelia burgdorferi—associated cutaneous B cell lymphoma: Clinical and immunohistologic characterization of four cases

Cited by 210 publications

References 16 publications

Chromosomal translocations deregulating c-myc are associated with normal immune responses

Chromosomal translocations deregulating c-myc are associated with normal immune responses

IgV and bcl6 somatic mutation analysis reveals the heterogeneity of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, and indicates the presence of undisclosed local antigens

Ocular adnexal lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori gastric infection

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