Borrelia miyamotoi, Other Vector-Borne Agents in Cat Blood and Ticks in Eastern Maryland

Shannon, Avery B.; Rucinsky, Renee; Gaff, Holly; Brinkerhoff, R. Jory

doi:10.1007/s10393-017-1268-3

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The primary tick species identified ( R. sanguineus , A. americanum , D. variabilis and I. scapularis ) constituted more than 95% of the ticks submitted from dogs, as was seen in earlier regional reports [6, 9]. Similarly, more than 80% of the ticks found on cats were A. americanum , I. scapularis , or D. variabilis , as has been described in previous surveys [2, 8–10]. Most pets with ticks had outdoor access, but a variety of tick species were submitted from a few dogs and cats that were reported to rarely or never go outside, suggesting ticks carried into the home on clothing or other pets may create a risk to indoor pets [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Show us your ticks: a survey of ticks infesting dogs and cats across the USA

et al. 2019

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BackgroundA variety of tick species infest dogs and cats in North America. Although most of these species also readily feed on people, national data regarding the species and abundance of ticks on dogs and cats are lacking. Here we report a large-scale study of ticks from dogs and cats in the USA over a 12-month period.MethodsTick submissions were invited from veterinary practices in all 50 states. Ticks were submitted with information about the pet and the attachment sites of each tick marked on a biopsy chart. Upon receipt, ticks were identified to species and stage using morphologic keys; when necessary, species identification was confirmed molecularly.ResultsFrom February 2018 through January 2019, 10,978 ticks were submitted from 1494 dogs and 336 cats in 49 states and ticks were collected in every month. Dog and cat infestation intensities ranged from 1 to 4765 and from 1 to 38 (median = 1, mean = 6.7 and 2.6), respectively. Dogs were primarily infested with Dermacentor variabilis (532/1494; 35.6%), Ixodes scapularis (409/1494; 27.4%), Amblyomma americanum (345/1494; 23.1%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (172/1494; 11.5%). Cats were primarily infested with I. scapularis (156/336; 46.4%), A. americanum (99/336; 29.5%) and D. variabilis (60/336; 17.9%). Other submitted ticks included A. maculatum, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Otobius megnini, and less common Dermacentor spp. and Ixodes spp. Co-infestations were documented in 93 dogs and 14 cats. Reported attachment sites of common tick species differed. In dogs, A. americanum was most commonly attached to the abdomen, axillary, and inguinal regions; D. variabilis and I. scapularis to the head, neck, and back; and R. sanguineus to the head, neck, abdomen, legs, and feet. In cats, I. scapularis was most commonly attached to the head and A. americanum was most commonly attached to the tail and perianal region.ConclusionsThese data confirm that dogs and cats in the USA are at risk of tick infestation throughout the year and that tick species present in the region have apparent attachment site preferences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Show us your ticks: a survey of ticks infesting dogs and cats across the USA

et al. 2019

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“…Dogs, cats and other domestic animals are susceptible to numerous potentially deadly tick‐borne bacterial and protozoal diseases, including Lyme disease, spotted fever rickettsioses, American canine hepatozoonosis, cytauxzoonosis and tick paralysis toxicosis (Bowman 2009 ; Chomel 2011 ; Kidd & Breitschwerdt 2003 ; Little et al., 2014 ; Nagamori & Reichard 2015 ; Reichard et al., 2010 ; Shaw et al., 2001 ). Even in cases where animals are asymptomatic or display sub‐clinical signs of tick‐borne disease infection, they can act as potential reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens (Fritz 2009 ; Mather et al., 1994 ; Shannon et al., 2017 ; Shaw et al., 2001 ). Several studies have demonstrated that those living in households with either dogs or cats are at higher risk of tick encounters and tick‐borne illnesses than those in households without pets (de Wet et al., 2020 ; Jones et al., 2002 , 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of companion animal tick encounters as revealed by photograph‐based crowdsourced data

Kopsco

Duhaime

Mather

2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Community science is increasingly utilized to track important vectors of companion animal disease, providing a scalable, cost-effective strategy for identifying new foci, changing phenology, and disease prevalence across wide geographies. Objectives:We examined photographs of ticks found attached to predominately dogs and cats reported to a photograph-based tick surveillance program to identify potential areas for improvements in tick prevention education and risk intervention. Methods:We compared estimated days of tick attachment using a Kruskal-Wallis oneway analysis of variance, and a Pearson's chi-square analysis of variance on the number of submissions by host type submitted for each season. Results:The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) was the most common species reported (39.8%). Tick photographs submitted were almost entirely adults (89.5%), and ticks found on companion animals exhibited an estimated median engorgement time of 2.5 days. Ixodes scapularis displayed the highest median engorgement of the top tick species found feeding on companion animals (χ 2 = 98.96, p < 0.001). Ticks were spotted year-round; during spring and summer, ticks collected from pets represented 15.4 and 12.8% of all submissions, but increased to 28.5 and 35.2% during autumn and winter, respectively.Conclusions: Crowdsourced data reveal that mostly adult ticks are detected on pets, and they are found at a point in the blood-feeding process that puts pets at heightened risk for disease transmission. The increase in proportion of ticks found on pets during colder months may reveal a critical knowledge gap amongst pet owners regarding seasonal activity of I. scapularis, a vector of Lyme disease, providing an opportunity for prevention-education.

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“…In contrast to B. burgdorferi s.l., prevalence of B. miyamotoi in ticks is not negatively affected by the presence of cattle (62,107). Borrelia miyamotoi DNA has been detected in two healthy cats in the USA (108). However, infection of other domestic animals has not been documented so far to the authors' knowledge and no (sero-)prevalence studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Borrelia Miyamotoimentioning

confidence: 90%

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe—A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals

et al. 2020

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Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most relevant zoonotic tick-borne pathogens are tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. More rarely, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia spp. are identified as a cause of human disease. Domestic animals may also be clinically affected by these pathogens, and, furthermore, can be regarded as sentinel hosts for their occurrence in a certain area, or even play a role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. For example, viraemic ruminants may transmit TBEV to humans via raw milk products. This review summarizes the role of domestic animals, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and cats, in the ecology of TBEV, Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., N. mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia species. It gives an overview on the (sero-)prevalence of these infectious agents in domestic animals in temperate/cold regions of Europe, based on 148 individual prevalence studies. Meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals estimated an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 7.4% for Babesia divergens, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses with regard to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, with the exception of significantly lower B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle. More surveillance studies employing highly sensitive and specific test methods and including hitherto non-investigated regions are needed to determine if and how global changes in terms of climate, land use, agricultural practices and human behavior impact the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.

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Borrelia miyamotoi, Other Vector-Borne Agents in Cat Blood and Ticks in Eastern Maryland

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Show us your ticks: a survey of ticks infesting dogs and cats across the USA

Show us your ticks: a survey of ticks infesting dogs and cats across the USA

An analysis of companion animal tick encounters as revealed by photograph‐based crowdsourced data

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe—A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals

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