Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is known to be superior to conventional chemotherapies and has been established as a standard of care for young patients with multiple myeloma. In the 2000s, novel agents such as thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide became clinically available, and several clinical trials using these drugs as induction therapy, conditioning regimen, and post-transplant consolidation and maintenance therapy have been reported, leading to an increasing improvement in the treatment results compared to the conventional therapies. Future changes in the therapeutic strategies using the novel agents will increase the CR rate and prolong PFS and OS. The 2 nd generation drugs including carfilzomib and pomalidomide, as well as antibody drugs such as elotuzumab and daratumumab, are now under development. These drugs are expected to further improve the treatment results.