Bose-Einstein condensates with localized spin-orbit coupling: Soliton complexes and spinor dynamics

Kartashov, Yaroslav V.; Konotop, V. V.; Zezyulin, Dmitry A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.90.063621

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The consideration of the interplay of the SOC, which is, essentially, linear mixing between the two components of the spatially inhomogeneous binary BEC, and the intrinsic nonlinearity in the bosonic condensate has made it possible to predict diverse nonlinear patterns strongly affected or created by the SOC, including 1D solitons [213]- [217], 2D gap solitons supported by OL potentials [218], and 2D vortices and vortex lattices, in forms specific to the spin-orbit-coupled BEC [219]- [228].…”

Section: A the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Malomed

2019

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

177

115

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A comparative review is given of some well-known and some recent results obtained in studies of two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons, with emphasis on states carrying embedded vorticity. Physical realizations of multidimensional solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed too. Unlike 1D solitons, which are typically stable, 2D and 3D ones are vulnerable to instabilities induced by the occurrence of the critical and supercritical collapse, respectively, in the 2D and 3D models with the cubic self-focusing nonlinearity. Vortex solitons are subject to a still stronger splitting instability. For this reason, a central problem is looking for physical settings in which 2D and 3D solitons may be stabilized. The review addresses in detail two well-established topics, viz., the stabilization of vortex solitons by means of competing nonlinearities, or by trapping potentials (harmonic-oscillator and spatially-periodic ones). The former topic includes a new addition, closely related to the recent breakthrough, viz., the prediction and creation of robust quantum droplets. Two other topics included in the review outline new schemes which were recently elaborated for the creation of stable vortical solitons in BEC. One scheme relies on the use of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in binary condensates with cubic intrinsic attraction, making it possible to predict stable 2D and 3D solitons, which couple or mix components with vorticities S = 0 and ±1 (semi-vortices (SVs) or mixed modes (MMs), respectively). In this system, the situation is drastically different in the 2D and 3D geometries. In 2D, the SOC helps to create a ground state (GS, which does not exist otherwise), represented by stable SV or MM solitons, whose norm falls below the threshold value at which the critical collapse sets in. In the 3D geometry, the supercritical collapse does not allow one to create a GS, but metastable solitons of the SV and MM types can be constructed. Another new scheme makes it possible to create stable 2D vortex-ring solitons with arbitrarily high S in a binary BEC with components coupled by microwave radiation. Some other topics are addressed briefly, such as vortex solitons in dissipative media, and attempts to create vortex solitons in experiments.List of acronyms: 1D -one-dimensional; 2D -two dimensional; 3D -three-dimensional; BEC -Bose-Einstein condensate; CGLE -complex Ginzburg-Landau equation; CQ -cubic-quintic (nonlinearity), FF -fundamental frequency; GPE -Gross-Pitaevskii equation; GS -ground state; GVD -group-velocity dispersion; HO -harmonic oscillator (potential); HV -hidden vorticity; LHY -Lee-Huang-Yang (correction to the mean-field dynamics of BEC); MF -mean field; MM -mixed mode; NLSE -nonlinear Schrödinger equation; OL -optical lattice; PT -parity-time (symmetry); QD -quantum droplet; SH -second harmonic; SOC -spin-orbit coupling; SV -semi-vortex; TF -Thomas-Fermi (approximation); TS -Townes' soliton; VA -variational approximation; VAV -vortex-antivortex (composit...

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Section: A the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Malomed

2019

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

177

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It may also be interesting to find out if 3D solitons can be stabilized by spatially localized SOC (for 1D solitons, this setting was studied in Ref. [35], but the stability is not an issue in that case). Influence of the Zeeman splitting, which breaks the up-down symmetry of the spinor components, on the stability of the solitons is another relevant problem for further analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Solitons in Three Dimensional Free Space without the Ground State: Self-Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin-Orbit Coupling

et al. 2015

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By means of variational methods and systematic numerical analysis, we demonstrate the existence of metastable solitons in three dimensional (3D) free space, in the context of binary atomic condensates combining contact self-attraction and spin-orbit coupling, which can be engineered by available experimental techniques. Depending on the relative strength of the intra-and intercomponent attraction, the stable solitons feature a semivortex or mixed-mode structure. In spite of the fact that the local cubic selfattraction gives rise to the supercritical collapse in 3D, and hence the setting produces no true ground state, the solitons are stable against small perturbations, motion, and collisions. , etc. However, the creation of 2D and 3D bright solitons is a much more challenging problem than in 1D. The fundamental difficulty is the fact that the ubiquitous cubic local self-attractive nonlinearity gives rise to the critical and supercritical collapse (blowup) in the 2D and 3D geometry, respectively [8][9][10], which makes all the bright solitons unstable (the selfrepulsive nonlinearity supports stable 2D dark solitons in the form of delocalized vortices [11]). Several theoretical schemes have been elaborated for the stabilization of 2D and 3D solitons. They rely on the use of trapping potentials [12][13][14][15][16], sophisticated nonlinear interactions [17][18][19][20], or nonlocal nonlinearity [21,22]. However, it is commonly believed that a local cubic self-attraction may never give rise to stable solitons in 3D free space [18,23].Recently, an essential result [24], which helps to resolve a related but easier problem of the stabilization of solitons in 2D free space with local cubic attraction, has been reported in the framework of the model of a binary BEC subject to the action of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) [25] (solitons in 1D SOC models have been predicted, too [26], but their stability is obvious). It was found that the system gives rise to completely stable 2D bright solitons as the ground state (GS). The stabilization is explained by the fact that the linear SOC terms come with a coefficient whose dimension is

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“…Recently, the successfully experimental realization of artificial spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in BEC has broadened the frontier of ultracold atomic gases used for quantum simulations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. This degree of freedom opens up a new avenue to study the fundamental properties of various topologic defects due to the close relationship between the spin and motional degrees of freedom [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In the presence of SOC, a variety new types of solitons, such as half-vortex gap solitons [41], discrete and continuum composite solitons [42], and many others, have been predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons in a trapless Bose–Einstein condensate with spin–orbit coupling

et al. 2020

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We consider a binary self-attractive Bose-Einstein condensate with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in two-dimensional (2D) free space. The formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons are elucidated through numerical analysis and variational approximation. It is found that dynamically stabilized vector bright solitons can be formed in 2D free space with appropriate parameters and ramp schemes, and its motional trajectory and stability show nontrivial behavior and strong dependence on the direction of the force generated by the SOC. Finally, the case of the periodic modulation of SOC is discussed, and an experimental protocol is also given.

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Bose-Einstein condensates with localized spin-orbit coupling: Soliton complexes and spinor dynamics

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Stable Solitons in Three Dimensional Free Space without the Ground State: Self-Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin-Orbit Coupling

Formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons in a trapless Bose–Einstein condensate with spin–orbit coupling

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