Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium

Aikawa, K.; Frisch, Albert; Mark, Manfred J.; Baier, Simon; Rietzler, Alexander; Grimm, Rudolf; Ferlaino, Francesca

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.210401

Cited by 771 publications

(879 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One natural example is the dipolar interaction between polar molecules, which is the focus of this Review. Of course, many other experimental platforms are also being pursued that feature long-range interactions, including highly magnetic atoms [7,8], trapped ions The dipolar interaction exhibits several important attributes. First, the energy scales in dipolar systems are usually much larger than those in typical atomic alkali systems, making it easier to study interaction-driven structural properties and non-equilibrium dynamics.…”

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New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

et al. 2016

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The field of ultracold quantum matter has burgeoned over the last few decades, thanks to the growing capabilities for atomic systems to be probed and manipulated with exquisite control. Researchers can now precisely create and study quantum manybody states that are effectively isolated from the external environment. Much of the work in ultracold matter has focused on systems of alkali or alkaline-earth atoms, mainly due to their ease of cooling. Extending this precise control to molecules has seen rapidly increasing interest and activity, as molecules possess additional degrees of freedom that make them useful for tests of fundamental physics, studying ultracold chemistry and collisions, and engineering qualitatively new types of quantum phases and quantum many-body systems. Here, we review one particularly fruitful research direction: the creation and manipulation of ultracold bialkali molecules. The recent success in creating a quantum gas of polar molecules opens many exciting research opportunities. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) systems offer experimentalists the ability to precisely control interactions in a quantum many-body system [1,2], and a rich set of experiments has already been performed. Some prominent examples include studies of the BEC-BCS crossover in two-component Fermi gases [3,4,5] and the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in ultracold bosons loaded into a 3D optical lattice [6]. Neutral atomic systems normally have point-like contact interactions that can be parametrized with a single quantity, the scattering length a, which can be tuned via a Feshbach resonance [2]. In recent years, systems with long-range and anisotropic interactions have garnered much attention. One natural example is the dipolar interaction between polar molecules, which is the focus of this Review. Of course, many other experimental platforms are also being pursued that feature long-range interactions, including highly magnetic atoms [7,8], trapped ions The dipolar interaction exhibits several important attributes. First, the energy scales in dipolar systems are usually much larger than those in typical atomic alkali systems, making it easier to study interaction-driven structural properties and non-equilibrium dynamics. Second, and perhaps more importantly, the anisotropic and long-range nature of the interaction allows for the realization of novel quantum phases, especially when the spatial dimensions of the system can be varied with optical lattices. Some of these engineered systems may find relevance to outstanding problems in condensed-matter physics [13,14]; moreover, qualitatively new types of physics can emerge in the presence of long-range interactions [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. As a specific example of a unique feature of long-range interactions, a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian can be encoded based on a pair of oppositeparity rotational states where dipolar interactions give rise to a direct spin exchange coupling between molecules [22,23]. With this scheme implemented in an optical lattice, many-body spin dynam...

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New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

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“…However, intriguing phenomena are expected to occur in systems with dipolar interaction and this leads to rapidly growing interest in the preparation and study of dipolar quantum gases. Pioneering experiments have made use of magnetic dipolar interactions of atoms with large magnetic moments such as Cr [1] and more recently Er and Dy [2,3]. Even larger dipolar interactions can be realized making use of electric dipole-dipole interaction.…”

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Multichannel modeling and two-photon coherent transfer paths in NaK

et al. 2013

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We explore possible pathways for the creation of ultracold polar NaK molecules in their absolute electronic and rovibrational ground state starting from ultracold Feshbach molecules. In particular, we present a multi-channel analysis of the electronic ground and K(4p)+Na(3s) excited state manifold of NaK, analyze the spin character of both the Feshbach molecular state and the electronically excited intermediate states and discuss possible coherent two-photon transfer paths from Feshbach molecules to rovibronic ground state molecules. The theoretical study is complemented by the demonstration of STIRAP transfer from the X 1 Σ + (v=0) state to the a 3 Σ + manifold on a molecular beam experiment.

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“…BECs have been experimentally realised with atoms sustaining a large magnetic dipole moment such as 52 Cr [1][2][3] and, more recently, 164 Dy [4,5] and 168 Er [6]. Very recently, fast progress towards the creation of BECs of polar molecules [7], which sustain large electric dipole moments, has been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in triple-well potentials

Fortanier¹,

Zajec²,

Main³

2013

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract. Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in triple-well potentials are well-suited model systems for periodic optical potentials with important contributions of the non-local and anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction, which show a variety of effects such as self-organisation and formation of patterns. We address here a macroscopic sample of dipolar bosons in the mean-field limit. This work is based on the Gross-Pitaevskii description of dipolar condensates in triple-well potentials by Peter et al 2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 225302. Our analysis goes beyond the calculation of ground states presented there and clarifies the role of excited and metastable states in such systems. In particular, we find the formation of phases originating from the interplay of several states with distinct stability properties. As some of the phases are formed by metastable states special attention is paid to the characteristics of phase transitions in real-time and the dynamical stabilisation of the condensate.

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Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium

Cited by 771 publications

References 27 publications

New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

Multichannel modeling and two-photon coherent transfer paths in NaK

Dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in triple-well potentials

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