Boson Stars

Abstract

We review particle-like configurations of complex scalar field, localized by gravity, so-called boson stars. In the simplest case, these solutions posses spherical symmetry, they may arise in the massive Einstein-Klein-Gordon theory with global U (1) symmetry, as gravitationally bounded lumps of scalar condensate. Further, there are spinning axially symmetric boson stars which possess non-zero angular momentum, and a variety of non-trivial multipolar stationary configurations without any continuous symmetries. In this short overview we discuss important dynamic properties

Proca-Higgs balls and stars in a UV completion for Proca self-interactions

“…This can be seen from(2.38) together with the Deser/virial identity for flat spacetime solitons, which establishes that the integral of the spatial trace on a spacelike slice vanishes[102] 4. We mention that some of the solutions have been recovered by using a Runge-Kutta ordinary differential equations solver and a shooting technique.…”

“…The professional package fidisol/cadsol [103], which employs a finite difference method with an arbitrary grid and arbitrary consistency order, has been used to perform all numerical calculations reported in this work. 4 This solver uses a Newton-Raphson method, which requires a good first guess in order to start a successful iteration procedure (see the references [104,105] for a more in-depth explanation of the solver). Inside the solver, we introduce a compactified radial JCAP05(2023)022 variable x = r/(c + r) (with c an input parameter which is usually taken equals to one) which maps the semi-infinite region [0, ∞) to the finite region [0, 1], and make the substitutions…”

“…Scalar boson stars (see [1][2][3][4] for reviews) are a popular model of self-gravitating solitons that have found a variety of applications in gravitational physics, for instance in the context of dark matter, e.g. [5][6][7][8], and as black hole mimickers, e.g.…”

Spinning Proca-Higgs balls, stars and hairy black holes

“…In (possible) connection to dark matter, scalar boson stars have been studied for over 50 years (see refs. [23][24][25][26] for reviews). These nontopological solitons have been studied, in particular as black holes mimickers [7,8,10,11,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Chains of rotating boson stars

“…Previous studies of BSs (for reviews, see Refs. [5,13,[20][21][22]) were motivated by different elements. First, the discovery of the Higgs boson [23,24] has proven that fundamental scalar fields exist in Nature.…”