Botanical and geographical origin of Turkish honeys by selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry and chemometrics

Abstract

BACKGROUND Honey has a very important commercial value for producers as a natural product. Honey aroma is formed from the contributions of several volatile compounds, which are influenced by nectar composition, botanical origins, and location. Selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) is a technique that quantifies volatile organic compounds simply and rapidly, even in low concentrations. In this study, the headspace concentration of eight monofloral (chestnut, rhododendron, lavender, sage, carob, heather, citrus, and pine) and three multiflower Turkish honeys were analyzed using SIFT‐MS. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was used to differentiate honey samples based on their volatiles. RESULTS This study focused on 78 volatile compounds, which were selected from previous studies of selected honeys. Very clear distinctions were observed between all honeys. Interclass distances greater than 8 indicate that honeys were significantly different. Methanol and ethanol were abundant in the honeys. Chestnut honey collected from the Yalova region had the highest total concentration of volatiles followed by heather honey and chestnut honey collected from the Düzce region. CONCLUSION Honeys with different botanical and geographical origins showed differences in their volatile profile based on chemometric analysis. Of the honey samples, methanol, ethanol, acetoin, ethyl acetate, and isobutanoic acid had the highest discriminating power. Methanol and ethanol, and then acetic acid, were the volatiles with the highest concentrations in most honeys. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Geographical Origin Discrimination of Monofloral Honeys by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS)

“…Several analytical techniques, mainly based on nuclear magnetic resonance [5,14,15], Raman and infrared spectroscopy [16,17], mass spectrometry [18][19][20], electronic tongue [21,22] and electronic nose [23,24], in combination with chemometrics, have been applied to discriminate the geographical origin of honey.…”

A retrospective study: physicochemical properties of the flower honey from the Black Sea region of Turkey in different years

“…Previous studies reported change of protein values of honey samples between 0.33% and 1.2% (Azeredo et al, 2003;Ozcan-Sinir et al, 2020;Ozcan & Olmez, 2014). Honey contains low amounts of amino acids, and proline is a major component (Serra Bonvehí & Escolà Jordà, 1997).…”

“…It is known that the composition of honey depends on not only the diversity of flowers but also some other factors such as environmental factors, harvesting climate, processing, and storage technology (Kaškonienė & Venskutonis, 2010;Ozcan-Sinir et al, 2020).…”

Exploring stingless bee honey from selected regions of Peninsular Malaysia through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–based untargeted metabolomics

“…The volcano plot and HCA between two geographical origins clearly illustrated that samples from distant meliponiculture sites (Pulau Pinang and Perak) have better clustering (no mixing of samples from different origins) and a higher number of up‐ and downregulated compounds. Although stingless bees of similar entomological origin are responsible for the production of honey at these two places, the floral origin, nectar composition, and surrounding environmental factors significantly vary at distant distance, contributing to significant difference (Ozcan‐Sinir et al., 2020). However, for nearer meliponiculture sites (Pulau Pinang with Perak and Pulau Pinang with Kedah), there were variations in terms of volatile organic compounds and their compositions, but not as much compared to distant meliponiculture sites.…”