Botanical and nutritional composition of maize stover, intakes and feed selection by dairy cattle

Methu, J.N.; Owen, E.; Abate, A.; Tanner, J.C.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00212-3

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although increased consumption of NDF on shorter diets was in part due to higher DMI, reducing particle size also resulted in less sorting and greater consumption of coarse, high fiber particles. Methu et al (2001) reported similar effects when feeding corn silage of different particle size. Bal et al (2000) also observed a decrease in sorting tendency when feeding cows kernel processed corn silage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on Eating Behavior, Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows

Kononoff¹,

Heinrichs

Lehman

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

198

122

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of reducing corn silage particle size on eating behavior, chewing activity, and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Four cannulated, multiparous cows averaging 110 ± 4 d in milk and weighing 675 ± 70 kg were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square. During each of four 14-d periods, animals were offered one of four diets that were chemically similar but varied in corn silage particle size: short (SH), mostly short (MSH), mostly long (MLG), and long (LG), with a geometric mean particle length of 7.4, 7.8, 8.3, and 8.8 mm, respectively. Reducing particle size increased dry matter intake (DMI) linearly (28.0, 26.8, 26.8, and 25.7 kg/d for SH, MSH, MLG, and LG respectively). At 8, 16, and 24 h postfeeding, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration of feed remaining in the bunk decreased linearly with reduced particle size. Time spent eating or ruminating was not different across treatments; however, total chewing activity (TC; sum of time spent eating and ruminating) exhibited a quadratic response with highest chewing activities observed for diets with shortest and longest particle size. Eating or ruminating time per kilogram of DMI was not affected by corn silage particle size, but TC per kilogram of DMI decreased linearly with decreasing particle size. In comparison, when expressed as minutes per unit of NDF intake (NDFI), ruminating, and TC were linearly reduced as particle size decreased. Rumen pH was not affected by corn silage particle size even though total concentration of volatile fatty acids increased linearly from 89.1 mM/L to 93.6 mM/L as diet particle size decreased. A quadratic effect was observed in molar proportion of acetate and propionate with the highest concentration observed in animals consuming diets of intermediate particle size. Results of this experiment suggest that reducing corn silage 3343particle size may increase DMI, positively affect rumen fermentation, and reduce sorting behavior. Because both chewing activity and sorting tendencies increased when proportion of TMR particles > 19.0 mm increased, results suggest that particle size measurement as estimated by the PSPS is useful in understanding some factors that affect feeding behavior.(Key words: rumen, eating behavior, pH, rumination)Abbreviation key: LG = long treatment containing long harvested corn silage, MLG = intermediate long treatment composed of 2 parts LG, 1 part SH (DM basis), MSH = intermediate short treatment composed of 1 part LG, 2 parts SH (DM basis), NDFI = neutral detergent fiber intake, peNDF = physically effective neutral detergent fiber, PSPS = Penn State Particle Separator, S gm = geometric standard deviation, SH = short treatment containing rechopped corn silage, TC = total chewing activity, TCL = theoretical cut length, X gm = geometric mean length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on Eating Behavior, Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows

Kononoff¹,

Heinrichs

Lehman

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

198

122

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“…Although differences in eating, ruminating, or TC are often not observed when feeding corn silage of different particle size (Clark and Armentano, 1999;Bal et al, 2000), effects observed in the present study are likely to be a result of an increased sorting tendency when LG corn silage was fed. We originally hypothesized that decreasing FPL would decrease total time spent ruminating; the sorting of the long treatment was not anticipated but has been observed by others (Methu et al, 2001). Through visual observa- LGNH = TMR with long corn silage, no cottonseed hulls, LGH = TMR with long corn silage and cottonseed hulls, SHNH = TMR with short corn silage and no cottonseed hulls, and SHH = TMR with short corn silage with cottonseed hulls.…”

Section: Eating and Ruminating Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size and Cottonseed Hulls on Cows in Early Lactation

Kononoff¹,

Heinrichs

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

105

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing forage particle length (FPL) and the inclusion of cottonseed hulls (CSH) on intake, digestibility, chewing activity, and milk production of cows in early lactation. Sixteen multiparous cows averaging 17 ± 3 d in milk and 677 ± 58 kg BW were assigned to one of four 4 × 4 Latin squares. One square contained ruminally cannulated cows to evaluate effects of treatment on rumen fermentation and function. During each of the 23-d periods, cows were offered one of four total mixed rations that differed in particle length (long or short corn silage) and CSH inclusion rate (0 or 8% DM). Dietary treatments were: long no CSH (LGNH), long with CSH (LGH), short no CSH (SHNH), and short with CSH (SHH). Total physically effective NDF content, measured as percentage of NDF greater than 1.18 mm, was similar across diets, but mean particle length decreased with reducing FPL and inclusion of CSH. Dry matter intake was not significantly affected by FPL but was significantly increased with the inclusion of CSH. Decreasing FPL and the inclusion of CSH significantly increased neutral detergent fiber intake. Total chewing activity expressed as minutes per day was unaffected by FPL and the inclusion of CSH. Both eating and ruminating efficiency expressed as minutes per kilogram of neutral detergent fiber intake increased with increasing FPL and decreased with the inclusion of CSH. Milk production did not differ across treatments, but the inclusion of CSH significantly increased percent and yield of milk protein.Reducing FPL tended to reduce percentage milk fat but not yield. Mean ruminal pH was not affected by FPL but was highest on diets containing CSH, even though no treatment effects were observed on total VFA, acetate, or propionate concentration. These re- 2438sults indicate that corn silage FPL is a poor predictor of total chewing time and rumen pH but is useful in understanding factors affecting feeding behavior. In addition, the inclusion of CSH, resulted in increased rumination and mean rumen pH even though effects on VFA concentration were not observed. (Key words: forage particle length, rumination, and cottonseed hulls)Abbreviation key: CSH = cottonseed hulls, FPL = forage particle length, LG = long, LGH = long corn silage with cottonseed hulls, LGNH = long corn silage with no cottonseed hulls, NDFI = neutral detergent fiber intake, NFFS = nonforage fiber sources, peNDF = physically effective neutral detergent fiber, PSPS = Penn State Particle Separator, SH = short, SHH = short corn silage with with cottonseed hulls, SHNH = short corn silage with no cottonseed hulls, TC = total chewing activity, TNC = total nonstructural carbohydrate, X gm = geometric mean length.

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“…The bulk of these emissions can be attributed to the 1.8 million smallholder dairy farms owning~2.64 million dairy cattle, producing an estimated 2.5 million tonnes of raw milk annually (80% of marketed milk; Methu et al 2001;Waithaka et al 2002;Orodho 2006). Animals in smallholder systems are generally offered feeds low in digestibility and protein, which are associated with higher enteric CH 4 emissions per kilogram drymatter intake (DMI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved region-specific emission factors for enteric methane emissions from cattle in smallholder mixed crop: livestock systems of Nandi County, Kenya

et al. 2019

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Abstract. National greenhouse-gas (GHG) inventories in most developing countries, and in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, use default (Tier I) GHG emission factors (EFs) provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from livestock. Because these EFs are based on data primarily from developed countries, there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with CH 4 emission estimates from African livestock systems. Accurate Tier II GHG emission reporting from developing countries becomes particularly important following the Paris Climate agreement made at COP21, which encourages countries to mitigate GHG emissions from agricultural sources. In light of this, the present study provides improved enteric CH 4 emission estimates for cattle in Nandi County, Western Kenya, representing a common livestock production system found in East Africa. Using the data from measurements of liveweight and liveweight change, milk production and locomotion collected from 1143 cattle in 127 households across 36 villages over three major agro-ecological zones covering a full year, we estimated total metabolic energy requirements. From this and assessments of digestibility from seasonally available feeds, we estimated feed intake and used this to calculate daily CH 4 production by season, and, subsequently, created new EFs. Mean EFs were 50.6, 45.5, 28.5, 33.2 and 29.0 kg CH 4 /head.year for females (>2 years), males (>2 years), heifers (1-2 years), young males (1-2 years) and calves (<1 year) respectively, and were lower than the IPCC Tier I estimates for unspecified African adult cattle, but higher for calves and young males. Thus, using IPCC Tier 1 EFs may overestimate current enteric CH 4 emissions in some African livestock systems.

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Botanical and nutritional composition of maize stover, intakes and feed selection by dairy cattle

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on Eating Behavior, Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on Eating Behavior, Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows

The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size and Cottonseed Hulls on Cows in Early Lactation

Improved region-specific emission factors for enteric methane emissions from cattle in smallholder mixed crop: livestock systems of Nandi County, Kenya

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