Botanical and zoological remains from an early medieval grave at Tsitsamuri, Georgia

Kvavadze, Eliso; Rukhadze, Luara; Nikolaishvili, Vakhtang; Mumladze, Levan

doi:10.1007/s00334-008-0183-5

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…All these studies suggested that common walnut and sweet chestnut cultivation, together with viticulture and pasturing, was fully incorporated in the Trans‐Caucasian agricultural landscape of EBA. These early horticultural practices were substantially expanded to Late Bronze–Early Iron Age (Namcheduri hillock, 3,650–3,550 BP, Giorgadze & Inaishvili, 2015), and Early Middle Age Trans‐Caucasia (Tsitsamuri site, 1,650–1,450 BP, Kvavadze, Rukhadze, Nikolaishvili, & Mumladze, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocultural diversity of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

Pollegioni

Lungo

Müller

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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A biocultural diversity approach integrates plant biology and germplasm dispersal processes with human cultural diversity. An increasing number of studies have identified cultural factors and ethnolinguistic barriers as the main drivers of the genetic diversity in crop plants. Little is known about how anthropogenic processes have affected the evolution of tree crops over the entire time scale of their interaction with humans. In Asia and the Mediterranean, common walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) have been economically and culturally important crops for millennia; there, in ancient times, they were invested with symbolic and religious significance. In this study, we detected a partial geographic congruence between the ethno‐linguistic repartition of human communities, the distribution of major cognitive sets of word‐related terms, and the inferred genetic clusters of common walnut and sweet chestnut populations across Eurasia. Our data indicated that isolation by distance processes, landscape heterogeneity and cultural boundaries might have promoted simultaneously human language diversification and walnut/chestnut differentiation across the same geographic macro‐regions. Hotspots of common walnut and sweet chestnut genetic diversity were associated with areas of linguistic enrichment in the Himalayas, Trans‐Caucasus, and Pyrenees Mountains, where common walnuts and sweet chestnuts had sustained ties to human culture since the Early Bronze Age. Our multidisciplinary approach supported the indirect and direct role of humans in shaping walnut and chestnut diversity across Eurasia from the EBA (e.g., Persian Empire and Greek–Roman colonization) until the first evidence of active selection and clonal propagation by grafting of both species. Our findings highlighted the benefit of an efficient integration of the relevant cultural factors in the classical genome (G) × environmental (E) model and the urgency of a systematic application of the biocultural diversity concept in the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of tree species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocultural diversity of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

Pollegioni

Lungo

Müller

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The delay in afforestation could be explained by a slow eastward postglacial migration of trees from their refugia. In the South Caucasus, the Colchis region (located in western Georgia, bordering the Black Sea) is considered to be the main glacial tree refugia (Shatilova and Ramishvili, 1990; Kvavadze et al, 1992; Connor and Kvavadze, 2008). According to different climatic model simulations (different ECHAM models), the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea were highlighted as possible refugia for summer-green trees during the Last Glacial Maximum (Leroy and Arpe, 2007; Arpe et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New pollen evidence from Nariani (Georgia) for delayed postglacial forest expansion in the South Caucasus

et al. 2017

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“…However, this early record was initially overlooked and Hudson's (1762) Jensen, 1987;Denmark: Helbaek, 2017) up to the Early Middle Ages (Georgia: Kvavadso, Rukhadze, Nikolaishvili, & Mumladze, 2008;Switzerland: Akeret & Kühn, 2008). The discovery of P. nemoralis seeds in the stomach of an early Iron Age man in Denmark is remarkable, suggesting the grass to have been part of the human diet at that time (Helbaek, 2017).…”

Section: His Torymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Poa nemoralis

et al. 2020

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1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Poa nemoralis L. (Wood Meadow-grass) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. The grass Poa nemoralis is widespread and frequent to locally common across the British Isles, except for western and central Ireland, and northern Scotland. In both its native Eurasian range and introduced ranges in, for example, the Americas, its main habitat comprises temperate (mixed) deciduous woodland. The species finds important secondary habitats in hedgerows, as well as in non-woodland vegetation such as on cliffs, screes and walls or sporadically in grassland and heathland. Although not always taxonomically or morphologically distinct units, the species is suspected to comprise many cytological races and hybrid polyploid populations with variable morphology. Morphological variation among P. nemoralis populations may also be a sign of local environmental adaptation or a result of introgressive hybridization with other, morphologically variable members of Poa section Stenopoa such as P. glauca, P. compressa or P. pratensis. 3. Poa nemoralis is a small-statured, loosely caespitose grass, with populations ranging from a few individual tufts to those visually defining the aspect of the herbaceous understorey. The species tolerates moderate to deep shade on the forest This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Botanical and zoological remains from an early medieval grave at Tsitsamuri, Georgia

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Biocultural diversity of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

Biocultural diversity of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

New pollen evidence from Nariani (Georgia) for delayed postglacial forest expansion in the South Caucasus

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Poa nemoralis

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