Botanical fungicides in the control of soybean leaf diseases / Fungicidas botânicos no controle de doenças foliares na soja

Abstract

The soybean cultivation (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is responsible for the highest pesticides use in agriculture in Brazil. There is an environmental and social need to reduce the use of these substances in crops. The alternative products applied in agriculture such as plant extracts and essential oils, becomes necessary and indispensable, mainly in disease control. Among the plants studied, the Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), has stood out in some studies, where relevant fungitoxic results have been demonstrated, however, there are still few works that prove its viability in the diseases management in field. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the soybean diseases alternative control through the aqueous extracts and noni essential oil application, in plantings high and low disease pressure. Two field experiments were implemented, with soybean culture, evaluating leaf, fruit aqueous extract and noni essential oil as a fungicidal action. Foliar application of noni extracts and essential oil did not differ from fungicide in Asian Rust and Anthracnose control, in the 2016/17 crop, in both experiments. Soybean productivity was similar in treatments that received leaf extract (1748,8 Kg ha-1), essential oil (1762,5 Kg ha-1) and fungicides (2031,7 Kg ha-1). Where there was no large disease pressure all agronomic characteristics were equivalent, regardless of treatment.

Phytochemicals as alternative fungicides for controlling plant diseases: A comprehensive review of their efficacy, commercial representatives, advantages, challenges for adoption, and possible solutions

“… [ 33 ] Morinda citrifolia (fruits and leaves) Phakopsora pachyrhizi Colletotrichum truncatum (Asian rust and anthracnose diseases of soybean leaf) Foliar application of aqueous extracts and essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation did not differ from fungicide in Asian rust and anthracnose control in in vivo experiments. [ 50 ] Ipomoea batatas (leaves) Carica papaya (leaves) Allium sativum (bulbs) Syzygium cordatum (fruits) Chlorophytum comosum (whole plant) Agapanthus caulescens (whole plant) Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Colletotrichum dematium (bean and cowpea anthracnose) Extracts of the listed plants were active on both fungi in in vitro assay and effectively reduced the incidence and severity of bean and cowpea anthracnose disease in the greenhouse ( in vivo assay). [ 51 ] Ageratum conyzoides Amaranthus spinosus Cyperus rotundus Puccinia arachidis (peanut rust disease) Applications of 5% A. conyzoides and 5% C. rotundus methanol extracts obtained by maceration suppressed the spore germinations by 78–80% and 76–80%, respectively in in vitro assay.…”

Mansoa alliacea and Allamanda cathartica Extract Formula for The Control of Stem Rot Disease on Soybean Plants

“…Ekstrak daun A. cathartica mengandung senyawa kaempferol yang dapat mendenaturasi kerja enzim pada patogen (Sarkar dan Mohan 2022). Senyawa kaempferol juga dapat menekan penyakit karat daun pada tanaman kedelai (Dalcin et al 2021). Selain itu, ekstrak A. cathartica mengandung senyawa aktif pestisida nabati (Petricevich et al 2019).…”

“…Campuran ekstrak daun cengkeh dan bawang putih dilaporkan dapat menekan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman kedelai dengan insidensi penyakit 13.5% serta produksi mencapai 1.46 ton biji ha -1 (Kumar dan Chaudhary 2020). Demikian juga ekstrak daun M. citrifolia dapat menurunkan keparahan penyakit karat daun dan dapat memproduksi 1.7 ton biji ha -1 (Dalcin et al 2021).…”