Botany of Endemic Cinnamomum Species of Sri Lanka

Abeysinghe, P. D.; Bandaranayake, P. C. G.; Pathirana, Ranjith

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54426-3_4

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The wild populations of C . verum (Sri Lanka) are still found in the upcountry and mid-country rain forests in Sri Lanka [ 13 , 20 , 94 ]. Such findings support the historical evidence of the origin of cultivated Cinnamon, where Portuguese and Dutch invaders started commercial cultivation in the southern part of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard herbarium specimens were prepared by mounting on herbarium sheets and deposited at the National Herbarium (PDA) the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya as previously described [ 25 ]. Some morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits of considered samples are included in recent publications [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the natural cross-pollination behavior [ 5 , 15 ] of Cinnamomum has created considerable intraspecies diversity [ 16 ], reflected by both morphological and biochemical traits [ 17 ]. Therefore, morphology based identification of Cinnamomum species is challenging [ 3 , 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast genome, nuclear ITS regions, mitogenome regions, and Skmer analysis resolved the genetic relationship among Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka

Bandaranayake,

Naranpanawa,

Chandrasekara

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Cinnamomum species have gained worldwide attention because of their economic benefits. Among them, C. verum (synonymous with C. zeylanicum Blume), commonly known as Ceylon Cinnamon or True Cinnamon is mainly produced in Sri Lanka. In addition, Sri Lanka is home to seven endemic wild cinnamon species, C. capparu-coronde, C. citriodorum, C. dubium, C. litseifolium, C. ovalifolium, C. rivulorum and C. sinharajaense. Proper identification and genetic characterization are fundamental for the conservation and commercialization of these species. While some species can be identified based on distinct morphological or chemical traits, others cannot be identified easily morphologically or chemically. The DNA barcoding using rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA regions could not also resolve the identification of Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka. Therefore, we generated Illumina Hiseq data of about 20x coverage for each identified species and a C. verum sample (India) and assembled the chloroplast genome, nuclear ITS regions, and several mitochondrial genes, and conducted Skmer analysis. Chloroplast genomes of all eight species were assembled using a seed-based method.According to the Bayesian phylogenomic tree constructed with the complete chloroplast genomes, the C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to previously sequenced C. verum (NC_035236.1, KY635878.1), C. dubium and C. rivulorum. The C. verum sample from India is sister to C. litseifolium and C. ovalifolium. According to the ITS regions studied, C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to C. verum (NC_035236.1), C. dubium and C. rivulorum. Cinnamomum verum (India) shares an identical ITS region with C. ovalifolium, C. litseifolium, C. citriodorum, and C. capparu-coronde. According to the Skmer analysis C. verum (Sri Lanka) is sister to C. dubium and C. rivulorum, whereas C. verum (India) is sister to C. ovalifolium, and C. litseifolium. The chloroplast gene ycf1 was identified as a chloroplast barcode for the identification of Cinnamomum species. We identified an 18 bp indel region in the ycf1 gene, that could differentiate C. verum (India) and C. verum (Sri Lanka) samples tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast genome, nuclear ITS regions, mitogenome regions, and Skmer analysis resolved the genetic relationship among Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka

Bandaranayake,

Naranpanawa,

Chandrasekara

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…on the morphological characteristics of cinnamon (Abeysinghe et al, 2020), there needs to be more information on the behaviour of cinnamon bush architecture under different conditions. For all plant species, morphological characteristics, including bush architecture, are determined by both genetic and environmental factors.…”

Section: Though Various Studies Have Been Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnamon (<em>Cinnamomum verum</em> J. Presl) bush architecture as affected by modified planting systems

Aluthgamage

Fonseka

Benaragama

2022

AGRIEAST: J. Agri. Sci.

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Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) is a spice crop native to Sri Lanka which plays a vital role in the country's export earnings. Bark being the harvestable portion, the production of cinnamon can be affected by its bush architecture. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the impact of harvesting interval, spatial pattern, and type of planting material on some essential aspects of cinnamon bush architecture, namely, the number of stems per plant, stem height, stem diameter, straightness of the stem, percentage of branches in upper, middle and lower levels of the stem, number of branches per unit length, branch length and angle. Seedlings and vegetatively propagated plants (VP) of cinnamon variety Sri Gemunu were planted under three different spatial patterns such as (A) 1.2×0.6 m with three plants per hill, (B) 1.2×0.4 m with two plants per hill, and (C) 1.2×0.2 m with one plant per hill while maintaining an equal plant density. Two main plots were maintained with the above treatment combinations, harvested according to two harvesting intervals (6 and 8 months). The study was conducted two years after the first harvest. According to the results, seedlings established in the spatial pattern C produced a significantly higher (p < 0.05) number of longer stems with fewer branches per unit length. Similarly, seedlings harvested in eight months intervals produced significantly longer stems (p < 0.05). The stem diameter of VP was significantly higher than seedlings (p < 0.05). Similarly, stem diameter was significantly higher when harvested in eight months intervals than six months intervals (p < 0.05). Seedlings were straighter than VP. Therefore, a preferable bush architecture can be obtained in cinnamon plants by selecting an optimum combination of harvesting interval, spatial pattern, and planting material.

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“…It possesses stomachic, antirheumatic and carminative properties. Its stem bark paste is mixed with lemon juice and externally applied for the treatment of pimples ( Premakumara and Abeysekera, 2021 , Abeysinghe et al, 2021 ). C. walaiwarense is an evergreen tree with a large and dense crown, and grows up to 40–70 feet high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%