Both a holistic and external focus of attention enhance the learning of a badminton short serve

Abedanzadeh, Rasool; Becker, Kevin; Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01475-9

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In contrast, the PTE group may have only used internal focus while participants were instructed to move body parts (e.g., to straighten their legs) without other instructions (e.g., to rise up while paying attention to the contact between their feet and the floor). Previous research has shown that external focus can enhance balance learning in older adults compared to internal focus [ 83 , 84 ], and that holistic focus may be as effective as external focus [ 85 ]. However, internal focus can still facilitate learning if combined with external focus during movement execution [ 86 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Intervention Integrating Physical Therapy Exercise and Dance Movement Therapy on Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Pilot Study

2023

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This pilot study presents a novel fall prevention intervention that integrates physical therapy exercise (PTE) and dance movement therapy (DMT) to address both physical and emotional fall risk factors, as well as factors influencing adherence to treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention in a sample of eight older women (median = 86 [81.25–90.75] years) from a day center for senior citizens. The intervention, based on the Otago Exercise Program and DMT techniques, aimed to address the emotional experience during physical exercise. Participants were randomly assigned to either a PTE+DMT intervention group (n = 5) or a PTE control group (n = 3). A pre–post intervention battery of physical and emotional fall risk assessments, therapist–patient bond, and home exercise adherence was conducted. Non-parametric tests results showed significant improvement in the PTE+DMT group in measures of balance and fear of falling compared to the PTE group. However, no other significant differences were found between the groups in terms of falls-related psychological concerns, self-perceived health status, therapist–patient bond, and home exercise adherence. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of an intervention that integrates both physical and emotional aspects to reduce fall risk in older adults, and provide a basis for further studies and modifications in the research protocol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Intervention Integrating Physical Therapy Exercise and Dance Movement Therapy on Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Pilot Study

2023

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“…Similarly, research has shown that holistic attention (attention to the general feeling) may be as effective as external focus. 47,48 Analogy and holistic attention direct individuals’ attention to a broader aspect of motor execution. The present review found that external/internal focus accounts for a small proportion in the field, potentially because the definition is too narrow and its use is limited in the field, especially during competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How external and internal focus are used in the field: A review

Yamada

Higgins

Raisbeck

2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The external focus and internal focus effects on motor performance and skill acquisition have been extensively examined and reviewed in laboratory research. However, the use of attentional focus in the field has not been summarized. Therefore, the present study conducted a systematic review of literature regarding the use of external/internal focus by practitioners (therapists and coaches) and recipients (patients and athletes). From 1999 to 2020, twelve studies examined how external/internal focus were used in the field. Results showed both therapists and coaches predominantly used internal focus; athletes tended to use more internal focus but varied by sports; and attentional focus varied between practice and competition. Additionally, the present review also consistently found that external/internal focus accounted for a small proportion relative to other foci outside the external/internal focus paradigm. Importantly, the differences in results were largely dependent upon the type of assessment ( e.g. closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires). Future research needs to investigate the relative importance of external/internal focus as opposed to other foci, as well as that affect a shift of attentional focus from one type to another.

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“…[25][26][27] Currently, the effect of holistic attention is still under investigation due to its novelty. Amongst a few, Becker et al 21 showed that a holistic attention strategy was equally effective as an external focus or a no-focus strategy than an internal focus in a long-jump task and Abedanzadeh et al 28 showed that holistic and external foci were both superior to a no-focus strategy in badminton. These studies suggest that a holistic approach is superior to internal focus and is potentially a better alternative to a no-focus strategy in the athletic population.…”

Section: External/internal Focus Vs Other Focimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, "skilled" and "automated" may not be interchangeably used as often used in adults. Given these assumptions, we established the following hypotheses: For novice children, based on the previous findings 21,28 , an external focus and holistic attention would be beneficial than an internal focus. For children-athletes, if the skill level influences the effect of focus of attention, children-athletes may be benefited from an external focus (i.e., they are not fully skilled, and thus a specific cue facilitates performance).…”

Section: Attentional Foci In Children and Children-athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An external focusing strategy was beneficial in experienced children but not in novices: The effect of external focus, internal focus, and holistic attention strategies

Saemi

Amo-Aghaei

Moteshareie

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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External focus (attention directed to an intended effect) has been shown to improve motor performance compared to internal focus (attention directed to body movements). Recently, holistic attention (attention directed to the overall feeling) has been discussed as an effective alternative. We hypothesized that a less specific cue (e.g. holistic attention) may be more effective than an external focus in experienced individuals. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of external focus, internal focus, and holistic attention on 14 experienced children-athletes ( Mage, 14.35 ± 1.98 years; Mheight, 171.28 ± 9.53 cm; Mweight, 58.28 ± 10.28 kg) and 14 novice children ( Mage, 14.21 ± 1.92 years; Mheight, 170.92 ± 12.40 cm; Mweight, 62.14 ± 15.62 kg). Participants completed a 16-meter front crawl swimming task with assigned instructions for three trials per condition. The results showed main effects of skill level ( p < 0.001), condition ( p = 0.006), and the skill level/condition interaction ( p = 0.003). Post hoc tests revealed that external focus was superior to internal focus ( p < 0.001), with no difference between holistic attention and internal focus ( p = 0.158) or holistic attention and external focus ( p = 0.05) in the experienced athletes, while none of the conditions were different in novices. The benefits of attentional focus may be influenced by the level of experience.

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Both a holistic and external focus of attention enhance the learning of a badminton short serve

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Intervention Integrating Physical Therapy Exercise and Dance Movement Therapy on Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Pilot Study

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Intervention Integrating Physical Therapy Exercise and Dance Movement Therapy on Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Pilot Study

How external and internal focus are used in the field: A review

An external focusing strategy was beneficial in experienced children but not in novices: The effect of external focus, internal focus, and holistic attention strategies

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