Both Feline Coronavirus Serotypes 1 and 2 Infected Domestic Cats Develop Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain: Its Implication to Pan-CoV Vaccine Development

Yamamoto, Janet K.; Edison, Lekshmi K.; Rowe-Haas, Dawne K.; Takano, Tomomi; Gilor, Chen; Crews, Chiquitha D; Tuanyok, Apichai; Arukha, Ananta Prasad; Shiomitsu, Sayaka; Walden, Heather D. S.; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu; Tompkins, S. Mark; Jg, Morris; Sahay, Bikash; Kariyawasam, Subhashinie

doi:10.3390/v15040914

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Higher seroprevalence in cats compared to dogs has been described [ 62 ]. However, it has been reported that some cats infected with feline coronavirus can develop cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 that could be contributing to the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence seen in cats [ 63 , 64 ]. Without underlying health conditons or co-infections, productive SARS-CoV-2 infection may be subclinical in many species; therefore, animal cases may be under-reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) in Domestic Dogs and Zoo Tigers in England and Jersey during 2021

Seekings,

Shipley,

Byrne

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Reverse zoonotic transmission events of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described since the start of the pandemic, and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) designated the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in animals a reportable disease. Eighteen domestic and zoo animals in Great Britain and Jersey were tested by APHA for SARS-CoV-2 during 2020–2023. One domestic cat (Felis catus), three domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and three Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) from a zoo were confirmed positive during 2020–2021 and reported to the WOAH. All seven positive animals were linked with known SARS-CoV-2 positive human contacts. Characterisation of the SARS-CoV-2 variants by genome sequencing indicated that the cat was infected with an early SARS-CoV-2 lineage. The three dogs and three tigers were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern (B.1.617.2). The role of non-human species in the onward transmission and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly defined. Continued surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in relevant domestic and captive animal species with high levels of human contact is important to monitor transmission at the human−animal interface and to assess their role as potential animal reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) in Domestic Dogs and Zoo Tigers in England and Jersey during 2021

Seekings,

Shipley,

Byrne

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…The FCoV Membrane (M) protein is a glycosylated structural protein anchored in the viral envelope [ 41 ]. FCoV M is the most abundant viral structural protein and has a size variably defined as 25–30 kDa [ 39 ] or 28–32 kDa [ 42 ]. Although abundantly distributed throughout the viral envelope, M protein has a relatively small ectodomain, which makes it less antigenic [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FCoV Nucleocapsid (N) protein binds the viral genomic RNA and protects it from degradation [ 39 ]. The size of FCoV N has been described as ranging from 43 kDa [ 42 ] to 50 kDa [ 39 ]. The FCoV spike (S) protein forms a trimer on the viral envelope and is the primary ligand facilitating cell entry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serotype I FCoV S protein (180–220 kDa [ 44 ]) has an S1/S2 cleavage site that is activated by an as yet undefined cell membrane-associated protease [ 39 ]. Cleavage of the S protein at this site yields the S1 (receptor binding domain) and S2 (fusion domain) subunits of S. The S2 subunit has been defined as measuring 80–90 kDa in size [ 42 ]. A second S cleavage site, S2′, lies within the fusion domain and is present in both viral serotypes [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serologic, Virologic and Pathologic Features of Cats with Naturally Occurring Feline Infectious Peritonitis Enrolled in Antiviral Clinical Trials

Murphy,

Castillo,

Neely

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a multisystemic, generally lethal immuno-inflammatory disease of domestic cats caused by an infection with a genetic variant of feline coronavirus, referred to as the FIP virus (FIPV). We leveraged data from four different antiviral clinical trials performed at the University of California, Davis. Collectively, a total of 60 client-owned domestic cats, each with a confirmed diagnosis of naturally occurring FIP, were treated with a variety of antiviral compounds. The tested therapies included the antiviral compounds GS-441524, remdesivir, molnupiravir and allogeneic feline mesenchymal stem/stroma cell transfusions. Four client-owned cats with FIP did not meet the inclusion criteria for the trials and were not treated with antiviral therapies; these cats were included in the data set as untreated FIP control cats. ELISA and Western blot assays were performed using feline serum/plasma or ascites effusions obtained from a subset of the FIP cats. Normalized tissue/effusion viral loads were determined in 34 cats by a quantitative RT-PCR of nucleic acids isolated from either effusions or abdominal lymph node tissue. Twenty-one cats were PCR “serotyped” (genotyped) and had the S1/S2 region of the coronaviral spike gene amplified, cloned and sequenced from effusions or abdominal lymph node tissue. In total, 3 untreated control cats and 14 (23.3%) of the 60 antiviral-treated cats died or were euthanized during (13) or after the completion of (1) antiviral treatment. Of these 17 cats, 13 had complete necropsies performed (10 cats treated with antivirals and 3 untreated control cats). We found that anticoronaviral serologic responses were persistent and robust throughout the treatment period, primarily the IgG isotype, and focused on the viral structural Nucleocapsid and Membrane proteins. Coronavirus serologic patterns were similar for the effusions and serum/plasma of cats with FIP and in cats entering remission or that died. Viral RNA was readily detectable in the majority of the cats in either abdominal lymph node tissue or ascites effusions, and all of the viral isolates were determined to be serotype I FIPV. Viral nucleic acids in cats treated with antiviral compounds became undetectable in ascites or abdominal lymph node tissue by 11 days post-treatment using a sensitive quantitative RT-PCR assay. The most common pathologic lesions identified in the necropsied cats were hepatitis, abdominal effusion (ascites), serositis, pancreatitis, lymphadenitis, icterus and perivasculitis. In cats treated with antiviral compounds, gross and histological lesions characteristic of FIP persisted for several weeks, while the viral antigen became progressively less detectable.

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“…The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by the highly pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with animal origin has further highlighted the relevance of animal companion virology to global health [18]. Last but not the least, feline virus infection is an important animal model for human viral diseases such as calicivirus or coronavirus infection [19,20]. Considering few reports on the epidemiological survey of feline infectious diseases in China, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FPV, FCV, FHV-1, and FCoV in cats in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological survey of feline viral infectious diseases in China from 2018 to 2020

Cao,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Animal Research and One Health

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To analyze the prevalence of feline viral diseases in China, including feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV‐1), and feline coronavirus (FCoV) infectious diseases from 2018 to 2020, swab samples from 304 cats and serum samples from 193 cats in 18 cities were collected. The etiological investigation results of 304 cats showed that 256 (84.21%) cats were positive, infected with at least one virus, and the positive rates for FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were 61.51%, 10.86%, 4.61%, and 55.92%, respectively. The mixed infection exhibited high complexity, and a total of eight mixed infection patterns were detected. The risk factor analysis of each pathogen in different clinical scenarios indicated that FPV positive status was significantly related to all the studied diseases, FCV positive status exhibited the most significant association with gingivostomatitis and conjunctivitis, and FHV‐1 positive status was significantly related to upper respiratory tract disease, but FCoV positive status was not significantly related to any disease. Additionally, the prevalence of FPV exhibited a strong seasonality and was related to age, while the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV had nothing to do with season or age. FCV infection was sex related in cats, whereas the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV was not sex related. FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were unrelated to breed or residential density. Antibody detection results of 193 serum samples by the virus neutralizing method indicated that the current commercial vaccines might not protect hosts against wild strains of FPV, FCV, and FHV‐1 in China. In general, this study enriches epidemiological survey data of common viral diseases in cats in China and provides a theoretical basis for further development of vaccines.

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Both Feline Coronavirus Serotypes 1 and 2 Infected Domestic Cats Develop Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain: Its Implication to Pan-CoV Vaccine Development

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) in Domestic Dogs and Zoo Tigers in England and Jersey during 2021

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) in Domestic Dogs and Zoo Tigers in England and Jersey during 2021

Serologic, Virologic and Pathologic Features of Cats with Naturally Occurring Feline Infectious Peritonitis Enrolled in Antiviral Clinical Trials

Epidemiological survey of feline viral infectious diseases in China from 2018 to 2020

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