Both half right:Updating the evidence for dating first human arrivals in Sahul

Allen, Jim; O’Connell, James F.

doi:10.1080/03122417.2014.11682025

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…However, it is generally accepted that people were widespread over the continent by 45 ka or a few millennia earlier [13,14,27,28]. There is as yet no obvious geographical pattern in first-appearance dates to indicate the progress of a wave of colonization across Sahul.…”

Section: Human Arrivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we still have few dated sites from the earliest phase of the prehistory of Sahul. Only 20 archaeological sites have been dated to 40 ka or older [14]; for comparison, the archaeological record in Australia consists of 1748 dated sites [29]. Most of the arid centre lacks evidence of human occupation until just after 40 ka [30], but whether this truly indicates late settlement rather than poor preservation and limited sampling is unclear.…”

Section: Human Arrivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to screen date-lists for reliability. Because in Sahul, the period of potential human-megafauna overlap is close to or beyond the limit of 14 C dating, a wide range of techniques in addition to 14 C has been applied to the problem, making it difficult to standardize the reliability of age determinations. In response, we developed a set of criteria for assessing reliability of age determinations across the full range of methods applied to Quaternary palaeontology and archaeology, and used these to assess reliability of all published age estimates on Sahul's extinct megafauna [38].…”

Section: Chronology Of Megafaunal Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because people reached Sahul by an ocean crossing mid-way through the last glacial cycle [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Later continental migrations through Eurasia and into the Americas were governed by changing climates in the approach to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul?

et al. 2016

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During the Pleistocene, Australia and New Guinea supported a rich assemblage of large vertebrates. Why these animals disappeared has been debated for more than a century and remains controversial. Previous synthetic reviews of this problem have typically focused heavily on particular types of evidence, such as the dating of extinction and human arrival, and have frequently ignored uncertainties and biases that can lead to misinterpretation of this evidence. Here, we review diverse evidence bearing on this issue and conclude that, although many knowledge gaps remain, multiple independent lines of evidence point to direct human impact as the most likely cause of extinction.

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Section: Human Arrivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Arrivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronology Of Megafaunal Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul?

et al. 2016

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“…This chapter benefited from input and comments from my friend Ian Hamilton, Sally May (Griffith University), Susanne Schech (Flinders University), the editors of this publication Paul Taçon and Bruno David and independent reviewers. et al 1990a:153, 1998Allen and O'Connell 2014;Clarkson et al 2017). Yet little is known of its extensive body of rock art.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia

2017

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terra australis 47Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Copyright of the text remains with the authors, 2017. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. List of volumes in Terra AustralisTerra Australis Editorial Board: Sue O'Connor, Jack Golson, Simon Haberle, Sally Brockwell, Geoffrey Clark. .6 Long-necked spearthrowers from other locations as recorded by , Lewis (1998), and Welch (1997). 74 .2 This painting depicts a predatory quadruped with a distinctively developed head and muzzle region unlike a thylacine. It is suggested that the robust proportions of the head represent a morphology similar to that of the marsupial lion Thylacoleo carnifex. 149x The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia terra australis 47 .27 Square P after completion of excavation showing south and west walls (the green string is the south side of the square). Note the flat rock surface at base. 266Figure 11.28 Square P east and south sections, with XUs and radiocarbon dates back-plotted. 267Figure 11.29 Square P showing sediments at the base of A: XU16 (average basal depth = 22 cm below ground), a stratigraphic level above that of the dried paint drops; B: XU21 (average basal depth = 28 cm below ground), a stratigraphic level below that of the dried paint drops; C: XU18 (average basal depth = 24 cm below ground), at the stratigraphic level containing the dried paint drops, here visible as lighter-coloured patches. 268 Figure 11.30 Profile view (top) and interpretation (bottom) of GPR data from the southeast to northwest ends of the rockshelter passing through Square P. 270 Figure 11.31 Bayesian age model for Square P produced with OxCal v4.2 (see text for discussion). 272 .37 Edge of the densely pillared, slightly elevated area to the south of the shelter. 280 Figure 11.38 Projected view of the Nawarla Gabarnmang shelter and the densely pillared edge of the slightly elevated area to the south. 281 Figure 11.39 Geomorphological reconstitution of the area around Square P. 284Figure 11.40 Square P: Distribution of stone artefacts and bone + teeth (excluding a particularly large stone artefact weighing 164.0 g from XU3, to enable better visualisation of the overall distribution down the XU profile). 286 Table 2.3 Radiocarbon dates on charcoal from Test Pits B and C, MN05. 36 Table 3.1 Gen...

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History ofHelicobacter pyloriand Human: An Intimate Story of Pathogen–Host Relationship

Waskito¹,

Miftahussurur²,

Yamaoka³

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The history of Helicobacter pylori is a fascinating story from its discovery which changed the paradigm of gastric as a sterile environment and the gastroduodenal diseases to the fact that it is now infecting about half of the human population. Besides the interesting medical aspect, H. pylori also had a unique feature as high recombination and mutation rate, yet exceptionally well‐structured population genetics. In addition, evolutionary relationship with the host had been started at least ∼100 000 years ago and accompanied human migration from Africa to the Pacific. Recent discovery of ‘The Iceman’ H. pylori suggested the second introduction of the bacterium in Europe, which is at least ∼5 300 years old. Tracing of the human– H. pylori association within the past 500 years after colonial expansion showed that H. pylori had more dynamic recombination than its host, yet maintained similarity to its host, suggesting a very intimate relationship between the host and its pathogen. Key Concepts The history of Helicobacter pylori is a fascinating story from its discovery which changed the paradigm of gastric as a sterile environment and the gastroduodenal diseases to the fact that it is now infecting about half of the human population. H. pylori had a unique feature as high recombination and mutation rate, yet exceptionally well‐structured population genetics. Evolutionary relationship with the host had been started at least ∼100 000 years ago and accompanied human migration from Africa to the Pacific. With the increasing number of genomes available for H. pylori , finer resolution human–pathogen relationship could be traced in the past 500 years after the colonial expansion. H. pylori had more dynamic recombination than its host, yet maintained similarity to its host, suggesting a very intimate relationship between the host and its pathogen.

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Both half right:Updating the evidence for dating first human arrivals in Sahul

Cited by 71 publications

References 116 publications

What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul?

What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul?

The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia

History ofHelicobacter pyloriand Human: An Intimate Story of Pathogen–Host Relationship

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