Both high and low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with tuberculosis: a case–control study in Greenland

Nielsen, Nina Odgaard; Skifte, Turid Bjarnason; Andersson, Mikael; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Søborg, Bolette; Koch, Anders; Melbye, Mads; Ladefoged, Karin

doi:10.1017/s0007114510002333

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, there have been reports suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may cause anergy in the delayed hypersensitivity skin test in humans (28). Another study suggested that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial to individuals with insufficient vitamin D concentrations but may increase the risk of tuberculosis among individuals with normal or high concentrations (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

Ganmaa

Giovannucci²,

Bloom³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

102

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

Ganmaa

Giovannucci²,

Bloom³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

102

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“…Since then, eleven case-control studies investigating the association between vitamin D status and susceptibility to active TB have been published. Of these, seven have reported a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to active TB (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) , three have reported a non-statistically significant trend towards such an association (41)(42)(43) and one (44) has reported that active TB was associated with both 'high' and 'low' serum 25(OH)D concentrations (> 140 and < 75 nmol/l, respectively). Potential explanations for an association between vitamin D deficiency and active TB include both causality (i.e.…”

Section: Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Susceptibility mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old wine in new bottles: vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis

Martineau

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality, responsible for 1 . 68 million deaths worldwide in 2009. The global prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is estimated to be 32 %, and this carries a 5-20% lifetime risk of reactivation disease. The emergence of drug-resistant organisms necessitates the development of new agents to enhance the response to antimicrobial therapy for active TB. Vitamin D was used to treat TB in the pre-antibiotic era, and its active metabolite, 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D, has long been known to enhance the immune response to mycobacteria in vitro. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with active TB, and several clinical trials have evaluated the role of adjunctive vitamin D supplementation in its treatment. Results of these studies are conflicting, reflecting variation between studies in baseline vitamin D status of participants, dosing regimens and outcome measures. Vitamin D deficiency is also recognised to be highly prevalent among people with latent M. tuberculosis infection in both high-and low-burden settings, and there is a wealth of observational epidemiological evidence linking vitamin D deficiency with increased risk of reactivation disease. Randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of active TB have yet to be performed, however. The conduct of such trials is a research priority, given the safety and low cost of vitamin D supplementation, and the potentially huge public health consequences of positive results. Tuberculosis: Vitamin D: Immunomodulation: Clinical trialsTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The global prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection has been estimated at 32% (1) , and this carries a 5-20% lifetime risk of reactivation disease in people who are not infected with HIV (2) ; reactivation rates higher than 10% per annum have been reported in HIVinfected people (3) . The WHO estimates that in 2009 there were 9 . 4 million incident cases of active TB, 14 million prevalent cases of TB, 1 . 3 million deaths from TB in HIV-uninfected people and 0 . 38 million deaths from TB in HIV-infected people (4) . The development of new agents to prevent acquisition or reactivation of latent MTB infection and to allow shortening of antimicrobial therapy regimens for active TB without loss of efficacy is a research priority. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence from studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo suggesting that vitamin D might have a role in the prevention and treatment of TB.

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“…136 Despite these early promising results-plus the ability of vitamin D to increase that in addition to low vitamin D levels, excessive 25(OH)D levels may also increase the risk of tuberculosis. 144 A recently published randomized controlled trial demonstrated that the administration of four doses of 2.5 mg vitamin D(3) increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients receiving intensive-phase treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Vitamin D significantly hastened sputum culture conversion in participants with the tt genotype of the TaqI vitamin D receptor polymorphism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

Youssef

Miller

Elabbassi

et al. 2011

Dermato-Endocrinology

171

128

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Both high and low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with tuberculosis: a case–control study in Greenland

Cited by 82 publications

References 19 publications

Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

Old wine in new bottles: vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

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