Both raw and retrograded starch decrease serum triacylglycerol concentration and fat accretion in the rat

Abstract

Male Wistar rats were meal-fed on diets containing various amounts of resistant starch in the form of raw starch (either amylomaize starch, potato starch or modi6ed high-amylase starch) or retrograded starch (prepared from each of the starches) for 6 weeks. Two diets containing normal maize starch were fed as diets poor in resistant starch. Energy absorption (energy consumption minus faecal energy loss), growth, weight of the epididymal fat pads, serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and a number of intestinal and faecal variables were determined. The resistant starches atiected all the variables determined except the serum total cholesterol concentration. Relationships were found between energy absorption and both growth and the weight of the fat pads, and between the weight of the fat pads and both the serum triacylglycerol concentration and the serum total cholesterol concentration. No clear Merencea between the effects of the two types of resistant starch (raw starch Y. retrograded starch) were found except that raw potato starch hardly stimulated H, excretion and led to lower amounts of propionic and butyric acids in the caecal contents than the other starches. The results suggest that dietary resistant starch reduces energy absorption leading to less abdominal depot fat and lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations.Energy metabolism: Lipid metabolism: Resistant starch Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of man have developed in the evolutionary process on the basis of natural food containing, in addition to non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fibre), indigestible or a-amylase (EC 3.2.1 . 1)-resistant starch (RS). For this reason RS and non-starch polysaccharides may be important for appropriate functioning of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of humans in the long term. RS has been defmed as the s u m of starch and starch-degradation products not absorbed in the small intestine. It may have a number of physiological effects similar to those of non-starch polysaccharides, such as the reduction of plasma cholesterol, and increases in caecal and large intestinal contents and faecal mass. These effects, as hypothesized for non-starch polysaccharides, may contribute to the decrease in the incidence of atherosclerosis, large bowel cancer and obesity. Three types of RS have been classified : physically inaccessible starch (cell-wall-enclosed), aamylase-resistant starch granules (a number of raw, native starches), and retrograded starch (mainly amylose; Englyst et al. 1992). In previous studies we found that feeding diets containing a high amount of retrograded starch led to lower serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol concentrations and epididymal fat pad weights (De Deckere ef al. 1992, 1993). In the present study we have investigated the effects of raw and retrograded starch on a number of variables, in particular on energy absorption, and whether energy absorption may be involved in the effects of RS on the serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations. The raw starches used w...

Resistant Starch Supplementation Influences Blood Lipid Concentrations and Glucose Control in Overweight Subjects

“…In human study, dietary high-amy lose cornstarch compared to low-amylose starch decreased blood cholesterol concentrations by 30-36% (28). The range of cholesterol lowering was from 8% to 23% in subsequent studies (3)(4)(5)(6). Triacylglycerol con centration changes were more variable than cholesterol with the range of 0-42% (3-5).…”

“…Even though the importance of resistant starch to human health problems such as obesity, diabetes, ath erosclerosis, and cancer has not been clearly elucidated, its hypolipidemic (3-7) and occasional prebiotic effects (8)(9)(10)(11) were noticed. It is generally accepted that RS replaced for digestible starch in the diet can lower serum cholesterol concentrations in normal or hyper cholesterolemic conditions in animals (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). However, tying time, and gut hormone profiles (15)(16)(17).…”

Nutrient utilisation and intestinal fermentation are differentially affected by the consumption of resistant starch varieties and conventional fibres in pigs

“…Although the heterogeneous nature of traditional dietary fibre supplements is well documented, it is equally important to recognise that RS varieties originating from different plant sources and manufactured with alternative processing technologies will possess unique physiochemical properties (5) . RS is generally classified into four distinct types: physically entrapped, inaccessible starch; native granular starch; retrograded starch; chemically modified starch (6) .Due to its physiochemical attributes, RS is a particularly useful functional food additive to manage weight loss (7) , improve insulin sensitivity (8) and reduce dyslipidaemia (9) . Furthermore, RS consumption is believed to improve intestinal health and function by increasing micronutrient absorption and favourably altering bacterial fermentation patterns in the large intestine (10,11) .…”

RS4-type resistant starch prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity via increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreased postprandial GIP in C57BL/6J mice

“…High-amylose corn starch (HACS) contains RS2, ungelatinized starch granules that are highly resistant to digestion by ␣-amylase until gelatinized. Several studies have shown that HACS (RS2) reduces serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats (17,30,53) and hamsters (49).CMS are RS4-type resistant starch, which are more resistant to retrogradation, have a higher viscosity, and are more stable in response to acid and high temperature than native starch. Therefore, CMS are increasingly used by the food industry to improve the physical properties of various food items, including baby food.…”

“…High-amylose corn starch (HACS) contains RS2, ungelatinized starch granules that are highly resistant to digestion by ␣-amylase until gelatinized. Several studies have shown that HACS (RS2) reduces serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats (17,30,53) and hamsters (49).…”