Both Sides of the Coin: Technique for Integrating Human Factors and Systems Engineering in System Development

Mitchell, Diane Kuhl; Agan, Kevin S.; Samms, Charneta

doi:10.1177/1071181311551422

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While some programs have successfully applied HSI, application of these principles is still lacking early in the SE process, resulting in the human being inadequately considered. Failure to properly account for the human during early system design decisions, when trades are being made, may lead to unreasonable expectations of human performance, higher lifecycle costs or decreased compatibility [Mitchell, Agan, and Samms, ; Hardman and Colombi, ; Orellana and Madni, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IMPRINT allows the analyst to first represent a mission in terms of a series of functions and tasks performed by both the system and human, and then run a discrete event simulation (DES) of the system and human accomplishing the mission. In this manner, the analyst can observe effects on human, machine, and system performance, as well as human cognitive workload [Mitchell et al., ]. IMPRINT is just one tool; a variety of other human performance tools and HSI measurement techniques exist—see Booher [, p 241‐243].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a few positive efforts to better integrate the human into system design using IMPRINT. Mitchell, Agan, and Samms [] expanded upon IMPRINT's preconceived utility by modeling the system in addition to the human. They emphasize that deconstructing the system and human are essential to system development, but these processes should not be conducted independently of each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitchell et al. [] used IMPRINT to model both the system capabilities and the human functions of a conceptual system to identify areas in which both sides can be accounted to improve success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Informing System Design Using Human Performance Modeling

Watson

Rusnock

Miller

et al. 2017

Systems Engineering

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Humans play a key role in the operation and support of most systems and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) offers new opportunities to properly consider human capabilities and involvement. This research presents an approach for systems engineers to integrate system models with human performance modeling for early and more effective system design. Unlike analyses using traditional physics-based models found in most extant MBSE literature, adjusting system parameters for human-based analyses can greatly impact the design of the system itself. Adjusting a human-system parameter can lead to design implications including adjustments to task allocation, process and workflow, and interface design. To demonstrate this, a quantitative case-study approach is used. Starting with a set of Systems Modeling Language (SysML) diagrams, a task analysis is performed to inform an "as is" model of human performance in the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT). An alternative IMPRINT model is created with varying design parameters and utilized to perform a trade study. Through the analysis, constraints and assumptions placed on the human are verified and the results of varying automation estimated. With current design emphasis in MBSE and model-based engineering (MBE), there is great opportunity to emphasize human considerations and integrate human performance analysis. Published 2017.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Informing System Design Using Human Performance Modeling

Watson

Rusnock

Miller

et al. 2017

Systems Engineering

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Socio-scientific Issues in the Classroom

Sadler¹

2011

Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education

205

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Improving MBSE models using human performance simulation

Watson¹,

Rusnock²,

Miller³

et al. 2015

2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)

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Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. OH 45433. USA It is important to recognize the human as an integral part of the system and its performance during sys tems development. However. systems engineers (SEs) currently fail to properly integrate the human into the system. This research aimed to improve system models by incorporating the human into modeling ef forts. A set of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) models were created to describe an example scenario involving a virtual remotely-piloted aircraft simulation. When creating the models. some as sumptions were made about the human from a SE's perspective. In order to verify if these assumptions were realistic. a human-focused model of the system was created using the Improved Performance Re search Integration Tool (IMPRINT). Running simulations in IMPRINT uncovered fallacies in some of these assumptions. thus demonstrating the value of incorporating the human into system models and re emphasizing the human as part of the system. INTRODUCTIONSystems engineering has become an increasingly important part of the life cycle management of Depart ment of Defense systems. offering a holistic approach to system development (Department of Defense 2015). It is important to recognize that the human is an integral part of the system and that the system's performance depends on the effective operation of the human. However. systems engineers (SEs) cur rently conduct initial system modeling without acknowledging the human (Orellana and Madni 2014).treating the human as a "black box." Failure to properly integrate the human into the system results in higher system costs later in the life cycle and a system that is less compatible with the user (Mitchell.Agan. and Samms 2011). The purpose of this research was to improve system models by incorporating the human system into modeling efforts.The example scenario used is based on a synthetic task environment called Vigilant Spirit, which simulates a remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) surveillance mission. In the scenario. the operator sits in front of monitors displaying simulated RPA camera-feed and flight info. The goal is to search a market for a high value target (HVT) while performing a secondary communication task involving answering questions at regular intervals regarding flight parameters of the RP A. METHODOLOGYA set of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) models were created using Systems Modeling Lan guage (SysML) to represent the system. Even though the human is shown. the SysML diagrams were cre ated specifically with the system in mind. Therefore. there were implicit assumptions made about the hu man from a SE's perspective. such as: 978-1-4673-9743-8/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE 3226

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Both Sides of the Coin: Technique for Integrating Human Factors and Systems Engineering in System Development

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Informing System Design Using Human Performance Modeling

Informing System Design Using Human Performance Modeling

Socio-scientific Issues in the Classroom

Improving MBSE models using human performance simulation

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