Both Trait and State Mindfulness Predict Lower Aggressiveness via Anger Rumination: a Multilevel Mediation Analysis

Eisenlohr‐Moul, Tory A.; Peters, Jessica R.; Pond, Richard S.; DeWall, C. Nathan

doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0508-x

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Impairments in some of these domains have been linked with greater levels of physical aggression, anger, and hostility in an offender sample, with stronger effect sizes for impairments in the abilities to describe internal states, act with awareness, and assume a nonjudgmental stance (Velotti et al, ). Similar negative associations between dispositional mindfulness and aggression have been documented in other populations (e.g., men seeking substance use treatment; Shorey, Anderson, & Stuart, ), as well as in longitudinal designs (Eisenlohr‐Moul, Peters, Pond, & DeWall, ). In undergraduate samples, Heppner et al () reported evidence of robust negative relationships between mindfulness and aggression, both at the trait‐level, and during a social‐rejection paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions

Garofalo

Gillespie

Velotti

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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Recent years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies across community and offender populations. Specifically, mindfulness and emotion regulation have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention and treatment targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that mindfulness may also have a “dark” side, being associated with increased levels of aggression‐related variables, especially when accounting for the variance associated with emotion regulation. The present study sought to elucidate relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, and aggression dimensions (i.e., verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility) across violent offender (N = 397) and community (N = 324) samples. Results revealed expected associations between both mindfulness and emotion regulation and aggression dimensions, such that greater impairments in mindfulness and emotion regulation were related to increased levels of aggression across samples. Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that a latent emotion dysregulation factor accounted for (i.e., mediated) relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions in both samples. Previously reported positive associations between the residual variance in mindfulness scales (i.e., controlling for emotion regulation) and aggression‐related variables were not replicated in the current samples. Taken together, findings suggest that mindfulness and emotion regulation have unequivocal relations with lower levels of aggression, and should therefore be considered as relevant targets for prevention and treatment programs aimed at reducing aggressive tendencies.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions

Garofalo

Gillespie

Velotti

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993), an empirically supported intervention for BPD, includes training in mindfulness skills that facilitate more adaptive, present-centered responding to emotion. Increasing nonjudgment of internal experiences, a component of mindfulness emphasized by DBT, may be particularly relevant for targeting anger rumination and its outcomes (Peters, Eisenlohr-Moul, Upton, & Baer, 2013; Peters, et al, 2015; Eisenlohr-Moul, Peters, Pond, & DeWall, 2016). Given the connection between rumination and the severity of BPD features, training in these types of skills may benefit individuals struggling with BPD symptoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Repetitive Thought Associated with Borderline Personality Features: A Multimodal Investigation of Ruminative Content and Style

Peters

Eisenlohr‐Moul

Upton

et al. 2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

Self Cite

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Increased ruminative style of thought has been well documented in borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, less is known about how the content of rumination relates to domains of BPD features. Relationships between forms of rumination and BPD features were examined in an undergraduate sample with a wide range of BPD features. Participants completed self-report measures of rumination and a free-writing task about their repetitive thought. Rumination on specific themes, including anger rumination, depressive brooding, rumination on interpersonal situations, anxious rumination, and stress-reactive rumination were significantly associated with most BPD features after controlling for general rumination. Coded writing samples suggested that BPD features are associated with repetitive thought that is negative in valence, difficult to control, prolonged, unhelpful, and unresolved. Although rumination is often described as a form of self-focused attention, BPD relationship difficulties were correlated with greater other-focus in the writing samples, which may reflect more interpersonal themes. Across both self-reports and the writing task, the BPD feature of self-destructive behavior was associated specifically with anger and hostility, suggesting this content may play a particularly important role in fueling impulsive behavior. These findings suggest that both the style and the content of repetitive thought may play a role in BPD features.

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“…Such measures were adapted from multi-item scales that have displayed acceptable validity and reliability (Diener et al, 2010). Emotions were measured by nine items assessing anxiety, depressed, angry, bored, sad, contented, interested, happy, and relaxed, respectively (e.g., "Do you feel depressed at the moment?").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emotions were measured by nine items assessing anxiety, depressed, angry, bored, sad, contented, interested, happy, and relaxed, respectively (e.g., "Do you feel depressed at the moment?"). Such measures were adapted from multi-item scales that have displayed acceptable validity and reliability (Diener et al, 2010). Items were rated on a Likert-type scale of 0 (not at all) to 6 (very much so).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State mindfulness, rumination, and emotions in daily life: An ambulatory assessment study

Zhou

et al. 2019

Asian J of Social Psycho

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While the majority of studies have focused on dispositional mindfulness and the efficacy of mindfulness meditation, there has been limited study exploring the effect of state mindfulness on emotions and its potential mechanism. Therefore, we conducted an ambulatory assessment study to monitor state mindfulness and emotions in daily life and examine the mediating effect of rumination in a natural context. One hundred Chinese university students rated their state mindfulness, rumination, and emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression, happiness) five times per day for a week. Using hierarchical linear models, we and found that at the within-person level, higher current state mindfulness was associated with more subsequent positive emotions and less subsequent negative emotions. Current rumination partially mediated the relation between current state mindfulness and subsequent positive emotions (happiness, relaxation, contentment, interest) and negative emotions (depression, anger, boredom, sadness). At the between-person level, higher state mindfulness was associated with more positive emotions and less negative emotions. Individuals' overall rumination partially mediated the relation between state mindfulness and emotions (depression, anger, boredom, sadness, relaxation). We concluded that higher state mindfulness was associated with lower rumination, which in turn resulted in more positive emotions and less negative emotions. More important, state mindfulness also exerted a dynamic impact on daily emotions via rumination.

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Both Trait and State Mindfulness Predict Lower Aggressiveness via Anger Rumination: a Multilevel Mediation Analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 49 publications

Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions

Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions

Characteristics of Repetitive Thought Associated with Borderline Personality Features: A Multimodal Investigation of Ruminative Content and Style

State mindfulness, rumination, and emotions in daily life: An ambulatory assessment study

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