Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom

Collaço, Rita de Cássia O.; Randazzo-Moura, Priscila; Tamascia, Mariana Leite; Silva, Igor Rapp F. da; Rocha, Thalita; Cogo, José Carlos; Hyslop, Stephen; Sanny, Charles G.; Rodrigues‐Simioni, Léa

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.008

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It would be a huge task or even impossible to develop a universal drug or antivenom for treatment of most venomous snake bites around the world. To solve this problem and collaborate with the WHO to find a better solution for responding to neglected tropical public health issues, many studies have investigated this issue and have discovered antivenoms with the potential capability for cross-neutralization of venoms from cross-regional or pan-species of snakes [21][22][23][24]. For example, the venom of N. kaouthia was the only Naja genus venom used to generate neuro-polyvalent snake antivenom (NPAV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another commercial Bothrops antivenom (CAv), which was generated from a mixture of venoms (Bothrops (B.) alternatus, B. jararaca, B. neuwiedi, B. jararacussu, and B. moojeni), was suggested to treat B. fonsecai envenomation in Brazil [24]. The cross-neutralization by some specific antivenoms of heterologous snake venoms was discussed due to the similarity of the composition of the characteristic venom proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

Lin

Sung

Liao

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Cobra snakes (genus Naja) are some of the most dangerous snake species in Asia and Africa, as their bites cause severe life-threatening respiratory failure and local tissue destruction, especially in the case of late diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of snakebite envenomation still mainly relies upon symptomatology, the patient’s description, and the experience of physicians. We have designed a rapid test, immunochromatographic test of cobra (ICT-Cobra), which obtained fair results in improving the diagnosis and treatment of Naja (N.) atra snakebites in Taiwan. In this study, we further investigated the feasibility of applying the kit for the detection of other cobra venoms based on the potential interspecies similarity. We firstly demonstrated the cross-reactivity between eight venoms of medically important cobra species and the rabbit anti-N. atra IgG that was used in ICT-Cobra by Western blotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, ICT-Cobra was used to detect various concentrations of the eight venoms to elucidate its performance. Noticeable correlations between the cross-reactivity of venoms from genus Naja snakes and existing geographical characteristics were found. ICT-Cobra could detect venoms from other Asian cobras with variable detection limits comparable to those observed for N. atra, but the kit was less successful in the detection of venom from African cobras. The similar but slightly different venom components and the interaction between venom and rabbit anti-N. atra IgG led to variations in the detection limits. The transcontinental usage of ICT-Cobra might be possible due to the cross-reactivity of antibodies and similarities among the larger-sized proteins. This study showed that the close immunological relationships in the genus Naja could be used to develop a venom detection kit for the diagnosis of cobra envenomation in both Asian and African regions. Additional clinical studies and technical adjustments are still needed to improve the efficacy and broadening the application of ICT-Cobra in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

Lin

Sung

Liao

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…The quality of conventional Indian antivenoms and the three batches of second-generation antivenoms was assessed using SE-HPLC, with minor modifications to a previously reported method [ 28 ]. The SE-HPLC system was kept at 25 °C and consisted of a Shimadzu LC-20AD series HPLC system (Kyoto, Japan), a photodiode array detector (PDA), and a Bio-diol column (4.6 × 300 mm, 5 m particle size; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preclinical Evaluation of a Second-Generation Antivenom for Treating Snake Envenoming in India

Attarde

Iyer

Khochare

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Snake envenoming afflicts the Indian subcontinent with the highest rates of mortality (47,000) and morbidity globally. The only effective treatment for snakebites is the administration of antivenom, which is produced by the hyperimmunisation of equines. Commercial Indian antivenoms, however, have been shown to exhibit a poor preclinical performance in neutralising venom, as a result of inter- and intrapopulation snake venom variation. Additionally, their poor dose effectiveness necessitates the administration of larger volumes of antivenom for treatment, leading to several harmful side effects in snakebite victims, including serum sickness and fatal anaphylaxis. In this study, we employed chromatographic purification to enhance the dose efficacy of commercial Indian antivenoms. The efficacy of this ‘second-generation’ antivenom was comparatively evaluated against six other marketed antivenoms using a number of in vitro and in vivo preclinical assays, which revealed its superior venom recognition capability. Enhanced purity also resulted in significant improvements in dose effectiveness, as the ‘second-generation’ antivenom exhibited a 3 to 4.5 times increased venom neutralisation potential. Furthermore, preclinical assays revealed the increased effectiveness of the ‘second-generation’ antivenom in countering morbid effects inflicted by the ‘big four’ Indian snakes. Thus, we demonstrate the role of simpler purification steps in significantly enhancing the effectiveness of snakebite therapy in regions that are most affected by snakebites.

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“…The WHO-recommended mouse skin patch model (Ferreira et al, 1992;Leon et al, 1997;Santos Barreto et al, 2017) is the preferred test for hemorrhagic and necrotising activity by measuring the MHD-median effective dose (MHD 50 ) & MND-median effective dose (MND 50 ). The rat skin patch model (Collaço et al, 2017), and, rarely, the rabbit skin patch model (Sánchez et al, 2003) have also been used to measure hemorrhagic activity.…”

Section: Rodent Skin Patch Model For Necrosis and Haemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Antivenoms for local effects of snake envenoming 

Madhushani,

Isbister,

Hodgson

et al. 2023

Ceylon J. Sci.

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Snake envenoming is a significant public health issue that disproportionately affects the poorest communities in the tropical regions. There is a spectrum of local effects following snakebite, including pain, swelling, bluish discolouration, haemorrhagic blistering, local tissue necrosis and gangrene at the bite site. In severe local envenomings, significant tissue loss and impaired function can occur and may result in permanent disability in snakebite survivors. Although the mainstay of hospital treatment for snake envenoming is antivenom, its effectiveness for local effects remains contentious. The preclinical efficacy of antivenoms against the local effects of envenoming is examined with a range of in-vivo and in-vitro tests. Most of these tests are only capable of examining the ability of the antivenom to prevent, rather than reverse, the local effect. A limitation of the above tests is that they do not consider venom pharmacokinetics or the time course of irreversible effects in envenomed humans. Therefore, more clinically relevant experimental models of antivenom efficacy are required. We searched MEDLINE for studies on the local effects of snakebite. The current clinical literature on the effectiveness of antivenom for local effects appears to be limited. We identified only two randomised trials that compared antivenom with placebo and six randomised trials that tested the effectiveness of one antivenom or one dosage regimen of an antivenom compared to another antivenom or different dosage of antivenom for preventing or reversing the local effects. All these studies were on viperine envenomings. In addition, several studies without a control/comparative group have commented on antivenom effectiveness, although they invariably have significant bias. The existing studies had contrasting conclusions, including no effect of antivenom, antivenom halting the progression of local effects, early antivenom preventing the occurrence of severe local effects including necrosis, early antivenom leading to faster functional improvement, antivenom accelerating the resolution of local effects, or no conclusion. Future research needs to focus on well-designed studies investigating whether the early administration of antivenom will prevent severe local effects.

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Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

The Preclinical Evaluation of a Second-Generation Antivenom for Treating Snake Envenoming in India

Antivenoms for local effects of snake envenoming

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Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

The Preclinical Evaluation of a Second-Generation Antivenom for Treating Snake Envenoming in India

Antivenoms for local effects of snake envenoming&nbsp;

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Antivenoms for local effects of snake envenoming