Bottle feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome

Gilbert, Ruth; Wigfield, R; Fleming, Peter; Berry, P J; Rudd, P T

doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6972.88

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Gilbert et al found a tendency for the risk of sudden infant death to increase with the amount of bottle feeding, but this was not significant. 10 Fleming et al found that the effect did not increase with increasing duration of breast feeding, and that the effect disappeared after adjustment for socioeconomic variables. 11 In our study, there was a tendency to a dose-response relation, especially when analysing exclusive breast feeding, but it was not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95

Alm

Wennergren

Norvenius

et al. 2002

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95

Alm

Wennergren

Norvenius

et al. 2002

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…16,18,31,49,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] Although some studies show a protective effect of breastfeeding on SIDS, 18,98,99 others do not. 31,49,91,96,97,100,101 In addition, a recent article has demonstrated that although breastfeeding is associated with decreased postneonatal deaths overall, it is not associated with a reduced risk of SIDS. 102 Many of the case-control studies demonstrate a protective effect of breastfeeding against SIDS in univariate analysis but not when confounding factors are taken into account.…”

Section: Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…102 Many of the case-control studies demonstrate a protective effect of breastfeeding against SIDS in univariate analysis but not when confounding factors are taken into account. 31,49,91,96,97 These results suggest that factors associated with breast- [103][104][105][106][107] Although breastfeeding is beneficial and should be promoted for many reasons, the task force believes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend breastfeeding as a strategy to reduce SIDS.…”

Section: Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts, Controversies Regarding the Sleeping Environment, and New Variables to Consider in Reducing Risk

2005

Pediatrics

589

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ABSTRACT. There has been a major decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released its recommendation in 1992 that infants be placed down for sleep in a nonprone position. Although the SIDS rate continues to fall, some of the recent decrease of the last several years may be a result of coding shifts to other causes of unexpected infant deaths. Since the AAP published its last statement on SIDS in 2000, several issues have become relevant, including the significant risk of side sleeping position; the AAP no longer recognizes side sleeping as a reasonable alternative to fully supine sleeping. The AAP also stresses the need to avoid redundant soft bedding and soft objects in the infant's sleeping environment, the hazards of adults sleeping with an infant in the same bed, the SIDS risk reduction associated with having infants sleep in the same room as adults and with using pacifiers at the time of sleep, the importance of educating secondary caregivers and neonatology practitioners on the importance of "back to sleep," and strategies to reduce the incidence of positional plagiocephaly associated with supine positioning. This statement reviews the evidence associated with these and other SIDSrelated issues and proposes new recommendations for further reducing SIDS risk. Pediatrics 2005;116:1245-1255; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome, sudden unexpected infant death, infant mortality, supine position, infant sleep, infant bedding.

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“…However, epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent in showing a protective effect of breastfeeding on the risk of SIDS; some study results have supported a protective effect, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and others have not. 2,5,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The authors of a meta-analysis and qualitative literature review published in 2000 concluded that there was a statistically significant increase in SIDS risk for bottle-fed infants. 20 These authors, however, defined SIDS loosely (as any sudden and unexplained death in an infant or young child) and included studies in which the definitions of breastfeeding exposure differed, and there were other methodologic flaws.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and Reduced Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2011

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CONTEXT: Benefits of breastfeeding include lower risk of postneonatal mortality. However, it is unclear whether breastfeeding specifically lowers sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) risk, because study results have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE:To perform a meta-analysis to measure the association between breastfeeding and SIDS. METHODS:We identified 288 studies with data on breastfeeding and SIDS through a Medline search (1966 -2009), review articles, and metaanalyses. Twenty-four original case-control studies were identified that provided data on the relationship between breastfeeding and SIDS risk. Two teams of 2 reviewers evaluated study quality according to preset criteria; 6 studies were excluded, which resulted in 18 studies for analysis. Univariable and multivariable odds ratios were extracted. A summary odds ratio (SOR) was calculated for the odds ratios by using the fixed-effect and random-effect inverse-variance methods of metaanalysis. The Breslow-Day test for heterogeneity was performed. RESULTS:For infants who received any amount of breast milk for any duration, the univariable SOR was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-0.44), and the multivariable SOR was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44 -0.69). For any breastfeeding at 2 months of age or older, the univariable SOR was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.27-0.54). The univariable SOR for exclusive breastfeeding of any duration was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.24 -0.31). CONCLUSIONS:Breastfeeding is protective against SIDS, and this effect is stronger when breastfeeding is exclusive. The recommendation to breastfeed infants should be included with other SIDS risk-reduction messages to both reduce the risk of SIDS and promote breastfeeding for its many other infant and maternal health benefits.

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Bottle feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome

Abstract: Bottle feeding is not a significant independent risk factor for the sudden infant death syndrome. Patterns of maternal smoking, preterm gestation, and parental employment status account for most of the apparent association with bottle feeding.

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95

Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95

The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts, Controversies Regarding the Sleeping Environment, and New Variables to Consider in Reducing Risk

Breastfeeding and Reduced Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

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