Bottom–Up Assessment Framework for Electrification Options in Energy-Intensive Process Industries

Wiertzema, Holger; Svensson, Elin; Harvey, Simon

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2020.00192

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Carbon capture, as another example, requires substantial amount of heat to drive the capture process, which may limit the excess heat available for energy efficiency measures from both hot process streams and from low pressure steam (Andersson et al, 2014). Additionally, electrification of different processes will consequently affect the energy system and available heat in the refinery (Wiertzema et al, 2020).…”

Section: Variations and Long-term Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil refineries are consequently required to make substantial changes in their businesses and operations. As presented in a recent roadmap by FuelsEurope (2018), a division of the European Petroleum Refiners Association, climate mitigation options for oil refineries include energy efficiency measures (European Commission 2018), carbon capture for either long-term storage (CCS) (Andersson et al, 2016) or upgrading to enhance fuel production (carbon capture and utilization, CCU) (Fernandez-Dacosta et al, 2018), electrification (especially for hydrogen production) (Wiertzema et al, 2020), and introduction of biobased feedstock (Jafri et al, 2019). Pre-processed biobased feedstock can be integrated at different stages of existing refinery processes (van Dyk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Costs vs. Flexibility of Process Heat Recovery Solutions Considering Short-Term Process Variability and Uncertain Long-Term Development

Marton¹,

Langner²,

Svensson³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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To significantly decrease fossil carbon emissions from oil refineries, a combination of climate mitigation options will be necessary, with potential options including energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage/utilization, biomass integration and electrification. Since existing refinery processes as well as many of the potential new processes are characterized by large heating demands, but also offer large opportunities for process excess heat recovery, heat integration plays a major role for energy efficient refinery operation after the implementation of such measures. Consequently, the process heat recovery systems should not only be able to handle current operating conditions, but also allow for flexibility towards possible future developments. Evaluation of the flexibility of process heat recovery measures with both these perspectives enables a more accurate screening and selection of alternative process design options. This paper proposes a new approach for assessing the trade-off between total annual cost and potential operating flexibility for the heat exchanger network in short-as well as in long-term perspectives. The flexibility assessment is based on the evaluation of a flexibility ratio (similar to the conventional flexibility index) to determine the range in which operating conditions may vary while at the same time achieving feasible operation. The method is further based on identification of critical operating points to achieve pre-defined flexibility targets. This is followed by optimization of design properties (i.e., heat exchanger areas) such that feasible operation is ensured in the critical operating points and costs are minimized for representative operating conditions. The procedure is repeated for a range of different flexibility targets, resulting in a curve that shows the costs as a function of desired flexibility ratio. The approach is illustrated by an example representing a heat exchanger network retrofit at a large oil refinery. Finally, the paper illustrates a way to evaluate the cost penalty if the retrofit is optimized for one operating point but then operated under changed conditions. Consequently, the presented approach provides knowledge about cost and flexibility towards short-term variations considering also changes in operating conditions due to long-term development.

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Section: Variations and Long-term Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs vs. Flexibility of Process Heat Recovery Solutions Considering Short-Term Process Variability and Uncertain Long-Term Development

Marton¹,

Langner²,

Svensson³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The potential for heat integration of the new electric plasma technology was then studied using key elements of an assessment methodology that was recently suggested for bottomup assessment of process electrification options (Wiertzema et al, 2020). This methodology applies a foreground/background analysis with split GCCs to target the optimal integration of two processes, see e.g., Chapter 6 of the User Guide for Pinch Analysis by Kemp (2006) for a description of the principles of such an approach.…”

Section: Assessment Of Heat Integration Opportunities and Effect On Co-generation Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Negative Emissions by Carbon Capture and Storage From a Novel Electric Plasma Calcination Process for Pulp and Paper Mills

2021

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The pulp and paper industry has a high potential to contribute to negative emissions through carbon capture and storage (CCS) applied to existing processes. However, there is a need to investigate how CCS solutions also can be combined with implementation of other emerging technologies in pulp and paper mills. This paper investigates the integration of a novel calcination process in two kraft mills and evaluates its potential combination with capture and storage of CO2 from the calcination plant. The alternative calcination process uses electric gas-plasma technology combined with steam slaking and allows replacing the conventional fuel-driven lime kilns with a process driven by electricity. The novel calcination process generates a pure, biogenic, CO2 stream, which provides an opportunity to achieve negative emissions at relatively lower costs. The potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions when replacing the lime kiln with the plasma calcination concept depends strongly on the emissions intensity of grid electricity, and on whether fossil fuel or biomass was used as a fuel in the lime kiln. If fossil fuel is replaced and electricity is associated with very low emissions, avoided CO2 emissions reach ~50 kt/a for the smaller mill investigated in the paper (ca 400 kt pulp per year) and almost 100 kt/a for the larger mill (ca 700 kt pulp per year). Further emission reductions could then be achieved through CCS from the electrified calcination process, with capture potentials for the two mills of 95 and 164 kt/a, respectively, and capture and storage costs estimated to 36–60 EUR/tCO2.

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“…Therefore, a framework assessment of the transformation is required rather than assessing single specific technologies. 28 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a framework assessment of the transformation is required rather than to assess single specific technologies. 28 For example, an analysis of the status of the studies on the economics of CO2 utilization 29 clearly reveals the limit of application of economic assessment models not properly consider the on-going deep transition and thus not based on a framework assessment. This is also one of the reasons why very contrasting opinions exists on the opportunity or not to develop new routes to electrify the chemical production, and how to properly rank the priorities.…”

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysis for e-Chemistry: Need and Gaps for a Future De-Fossilized Chemical Production, with Focus on the Role of Complex (Direct) Syntheses by Electrocatalysis

et al. 2022

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The prospects, needs and limits in current approaches in catalysis to accelerate the transition to e -chemistry, where this term indicates a fossil fuel-free chemical production, are discussed. It is suggested that e -chemistry is a necessary element of the transformation to meet the targets of net zero emissions by year 2050 and that this conversion from the current petrochemistry is feasible. However, the acceleration of the development of catalytic technologies based on the use of renewable energy sources (indicated as reactive catalysis) is necessary, evidencing that these are part of a system of changes and thus should be assessed from this perspective. However, it is perceived that the current studies in the area are not properly addressing the needs to develop the catalytic technologies required for e -chemistry, presenting a series of relevant aspects and directions in which research should be focused to develop the framework system transformation necessary to implement e -chemistry.

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Bottom–Up Assessment Framework for Electrification Options in Energy-Intensive Process Industries

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Costs vs. Flexibility of Process Heat Recovery Solutions Considering Short-Term Process Variability and Uncertain Long-Term Development

Costs vs. Flexibility of Process Heat Recovery Solutions Considering Short-Term Process Variability and Uncertain Long-Term Development

Potential for Negative Emissions by Carbon Capture and Storage From a Novel Electric Plasma Calcination Process for Pulp and Paper Mills

Catalysis for e-Chemistry: Need and Gaps for a Future De-Fossilized Chemical Production, with Focus on the Role of Complex (Direct) Syntheses by Electrocatalysis

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