Bottom-up effects of nutrient availability on flower production, pollinator visitation, and seed output in a high-Andean shrub

Muñoz, Alejandro Anaya; Celedón-Neghme, Constanza; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.; Arroyo, Mary T. K.

doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1780-3

Cited by 77 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…We added fertilizer as dry, slow-release pellets (nitrogen was added in the form of urea, N 2 H 4 CO, and phosphorus was added as triple super phosphate, P 2 O 5 ) which released nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil during rainfall events. These levels of enrichment have been shown to double nutrient availability in similar systems (Goldberg andMiller 1990, Sanders et al 2007) and are comparable to several local oldfield studies manipulating nutrients to examine effects on plant community dynamics (Sanders et al 2007, Blue et al 2011, Souza et al 2011a, as well as other studies examining nutrient enrichment effects on floral traits and pollinators (e.g., Campbell and Halama 1993, Asikainen and Mutikainen 2005, Munoz et al 2005, Burkle and Irwin 2009a, Burkle and Irwin 2010. We crossed Solidago altissima genotype identity and genotypic diversity with these nutrient treatments such that there were two monoculture plots of each v www.esajournals.org genotype for each nutrient treatment and three genotype mixture plots for each nutrient treatment.…”

Section: Study Site and Experimental Designsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…One key environmental factor for plants and their associated floral visitors is soil nutrient availability, as nutrients can vary considerably at a local level and are known to influence flower production and bloom duration (e.g., Campbell and Halama 1993, Asikainen and Mutikainen 2005, Munoz et al 2005, Burkle and Irwin 2009a. In fact, pollination ecologists have documented the role of floral traits, such as floral display size (the number of open flowers) and flowering phenology (timing and duration of bloom period) in explaining pollinator preferences (e.g., Stang et al 2006, Olesen et al 2008, Burkle and Irwin 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Intraspecific variation in plants is driven by both genetic and environmental factors and has been shown to play an important role in determining assemblages of herbivores, predators, and pathogens. Yet, the consequences of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors, as well as potential (G 3 E) interactions, for floral visitor communities remains poorly explored. In a common garden experiment, we compared the relative effects of host-plant genotype and genotypic diversity as well as soil nutrient enrichment on floral resource abundance and insect floral visitors associated with tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. We found that the floral visitor community varied considerably among genotypes, driven predominantly by variation in floral phenology among S. altissima clones. Floral visitors also varied among nutrient treatments, though this response was much weaker than to different plant genotypes, and was likely driven by effects of floral rewards rather than of floral phenology. Importantly, we also detected several G 3 E interactions for both flowering and floral visitors. Taken together, our results suggest that the effects of host-plant genetic variation, and to a lesser extent G 3 E interactions, are key agents in structuring the diversity and composition of floral visitors.

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Section: Study Site and Experimental Designsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities

et al. 2013

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“…Previous work indicates ( Heil et al, 2001 ) herbivory. The effects of nutrients on pollinators has not been examined as frequently, but range from positive ( Muñoz et al, 2005 ;Burkle and Irwin, 2009 ) to negative ( Muñoz et al, 2005 ) to neutral ( Burkle and Irwin, 2009 ). In this study, however, the effects of fertilizer on plantinsect interactions were remarkably consistent, leading to increased interactions with both mutualists and antagonists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…These fi ndings are not surprising, considering the wealth of past literature showing fertilizer effects on plant traits and insect interactions (e.g., Campbell and Halama, 1993 ;Kersch and Fonseca, 2005 ;Muñoz et al, 2005 ;Adler et al, 2006 ;Muth et al, 2008 ;Onoda et al, 2008 ;Burkle and Irwin, 2010 ). The effect of soil nutrients on plants or plant-insect interactions is not always consistent, sometimes decreasing defenses ( Cornelissen and Stiling, 2006 ) or shifting allocation from growth to reproduction, leading to smaller plants ( Muñoz et al, 2005 ;Stiling and Moon, 2005 ). Soil nutrients can also frequently have variable effects on herbivores, increasing ( Stiling and Rossi, 1997 ; (upland areas) = 51.13 ± 1.29%; mean ± SE; N. L. Soper Gorden, unpublished data), oxygen available to roots, and nutrient availability, such as soluble nitrogen ( Hopkins and Hüner, 2004 ;Huberty and Denno, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Gorden

Adler

2013

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: While the effect of abiotic factors on leaf herbivory is well known, the relative importance of abiotic conditions influencing both mutualists and antagonists is less well understood. Species interactions could enhance or reduce the direct effects of abiotic factors, depending on how mutualists and antagonists respond to abiotic conditions.• Methods: We manipulated soil nutrients and shade in a factorial design and measured soil moisture in the annual Impatiens capensis. We then measured interactions with mutualists (two pollinating species) and antagonists (herbivores, florivores, nectar thieves, and flower bud gallers), as well as plant growth, floral rewards, and plant reproduction.• Key results: Fertilizer increased plant growth, floral attractiveness, mutualist and antagonist interactions, and plant reproduction. Shade had no effects, and soil moisture was negatively associated with plant growth and reproduction. All effects were additive. Mutualist and antagonist floral interactions both increased on fertilized plants, but antagonists increased at a greater rate, leading to a larger ratio of antagonist to mutualist interactions on fertilized plants. Despite having more antagonists, fertilized plants still had significantly higher reproduction, suggesting higher tolerance to antagonists.• Conclusions: Abiotic effects can have consistent effects on antagonists and mutualists, and on both floral and leaf antagonists. However, tolerance to antagonisms increased in favorable conditions. Thus, the direct positive effects of favorable abiotic conditions on plants outweighed negative indirect effects via increased antagonisms, which may lead to selection to grow in high‐nutrient microsites in spite of increased herbivory.

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“…This is counterintuitive. as experimentally increasing nutrient availability often has bottom-up effects of improving reproductive output in alpine shrubs (Campbell and Halama 1993;Wookey et al 1993;Muñoz et al 2005;Petraglia et al 2013). However, S. herbacea does not always conform to this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale drivers: the importance of nutrient availability and snowmelt timing on performance of the alpine shrub Salix herbacea

et al. 2015

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Alpine plant communities are predicted to face range shifts and possibly extinctions with climate change. Fine-scale environmental variation such as nutrient availability or snowmelt timing may contribute to the ability of plant species to persist locally; however, variation in nutrient availability in alpine landscapes is largely unmeasured. On three mountains around Davos, Switzerland, we deployed Plant Root Simulator probes around 58 Salix herbacea plants along an elevational and microhabitat gradient to measure nutrient availability during the first 5 weeks of the summer growing season, and used in situ temperature loggers and observational data to determine date of spring snowmelt. We also visited the plants weekly to assess Communicated by Hermann Heilmeier.This study examines how fine-scale variation in the interactions among nutrient availability, snowmelt timing, soil moisture, and other abiotic factors aredistributed throughout a Swiss alpine landscape. Unlike many previous studies that have used single-factor approaches to assess spatial variation in nutrient availability, we used a multivariate, integrative technique that includes the effects of soil moisture on nutrient uptake. Using this approach, we show that microhabitats can vary as much over 30 to 40 meters as they do from the top to bottom of kilometer-long elevational transects. performance, as measured by stem number, fruiting, and herbivory damage. We found a wide snowmelt gradient which determined growing season length, as well as variations of an order of magnitude or more in the accumulation of 12 nutrients between different microhabitats. Higher nutrient availability had negative effects on most shrub performance metrics, for instance decreasing stem number and the proportion of stems producing fruits. High nutrient availability was associated with increased herbivory damage in early-melting microhabitats, but among late-emerging plants this pattern was reversed. We demonstrate that nutrient availability is highly variable in alpine settings, and that it strongly influences performance in an alpine dwarf shrub, sometimes modifying the response of shrubs to snowmelt timing. As the climate warms and human-induced nitrogen deposition continues in the Alps, these factors may contribute to patterns of local plants persistence.

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Bottom-up effects of nutrient availability on flower production, pollinator visitation, and seed output in a high-Andean shrub

Cited by 77 publications

References 62 publications

Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities

Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Small-scale drivers: the importance of nutrient availability and snowmelt timing on performance of the alpine shrub Salix herbacea

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