Bottom-Up Self-Assembly Based on DNA Nanotechnology

Abstract

Manipulating materials at the atomic scale is one of the goals of the development of chemistry and materials science, as it provides the possibility to customize material properties; however, it still remains a huge challenge. Using DNA self-assembly, materials can be controlled at the nano scale to achieve atomic- or nano-scaled fabrication. The programmability and addressability of DNA molecules can be applied to realize the self-assembly of materials from the bottom-up, which is called DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanotechnology does not focus on the biological functions of DNA molecules, but combines them into motifs, and then assembles these motifs to form ordered two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) lattices. These lattices can serve as general templates to regulate the assembly of guest materials. In this review, we introduce three typical DNA self-assembly strategies in this field and highlight the significant progress of each. We also review the application of DNA self-assembly and propose perspectives in this field.

Pairing nanoarchitectonics of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with complex diversity: concatemers and self-limited complexes

“…23,60 The principles of formation of such complexes are commonly employed to build various DNA nanoconstructs. 1–20 Bimolecular V-shape complexes and complexes of other molecularity can be created by means of various non-nucleotide linkers of different lengths, rigidity levels, charges, and hydrophobicity values. 21,23 Moreover, potentially, triplex formation by linkers, non-canonical base pairing, duplex blocks' interactions (for example, similar to those reported for DNA crossovers 61 ), introduction of a chemical modification into oligonucleotides, the formation of catenanes, 62 and other DNA structural factors could affect the efficiency of the self-association of DNA oligomers' and complexes' types formed at thermodynamic equilibrium.…”

Synergistic intrafibrillar/extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils and scaffolds enhanced by introducing polyacrylamide to PILP for osteogenic differentiation

“…In contrast to classical crystallization theory, nonclassical crystallization theory, describes mesoscopic transformations of self‐assembled, metastable, or amorphous precursor particles into nanoparticulate superstructures 34,35 . As this process involves the transition from nanoscale to macroscale, it is also referred to as a bottom‐up process 14,36 . As proven in many experiments, biomineralization is one such bottom‐up mineralization process 14,34,37 .…”

Recent Advances in Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures for Bioimaging

“…However, it is still challenging to fabricate an imaging probe with ideal size, shape, stability, and compatibility. 1 DNA has been exploited as a building material to construct nanoscale architectures based on Watson−Crick base pairing. The control over its shape, size, and dimension can be achieved by sequence design and oligonucleotides arrangement, allowing the creation of almost any arbitrary architecture from one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) arrays, and even three-dimensional (3D) crystals with atomic precision.…”

“…Although imaging methods vary, the requirements for ideal imaging probes, such as low toxicity and cost, high signal-to-noise ratio, and biocompatibility, remain consistent. However, it is still challenging to fabricate an imaging probe with ideal size, shape, stability, and compatibility …”