Bottomonium production in heavy-ion collisions using quantum trajectories: Differential observables and momentum anisotropy

Bottomonium suppression and flow in heavy-ion collisions

“…Along each physical trajectory we additionally average over a set of quantum trajectories in which different quantum evolutions are sampled. Once the survival probability for each state under consideration is computed, we then perform late-time excited state feed down using a feed down matrix F constructed from the measured branching ratios and cross sections for bottomonium states [3].…”

“…Bottomonium states that propagate through a deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) are suppressed due to both Debye-screening, which modifies the real part of the heavy-quark potential, and in-medium transitions/breakup, which are encoded in the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential. In recent years there have significant advances in our understanding of heavy-quark bound state dynamics in the QGP stemming from a combination of potential non-relativistic QCD (pNRQCD) and open quantum systems (OQS) [1][2][3][4]. In this effective field theory treatment one relies on a separation scales between the inverse size of the bound states 1/ r , the effective temperature of the system T , and the binding energy of the states E. Through the inclusion of hard-thermal-loop effects one can also include the effect of the induced Debye mass, m D , of the system on the heavy-quark potential.…”

Nonequilibrium evolution of quarkonium in medium

“…The in-medium self-energy for the singlet is 1 2 (γ − iκ)r 2 at the leading order in the derivative expansion. The coefficient γ causes in-medium mass shift of quarkonium and κ gives in-medium width to the quarkonium spectrum as well as the rate of heavy quark no Quantum Jump [40,41] momentum diffusion. Currently available lattice simulations evaluate γ ∼ −(0.7-3.8)T 3 and κ ∼ (0.24-4.2)T 3 [29].…”

Quarkonium Suppression in the Open Quantum System Approach

“…Semiclassical transport equations such as the Boltzmann and Langevin equations have been widely applied [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], which neglect important quantum effects such as the quantum coherence/decoherence of the quarkonium wavefunction. Recently, the open quantum system framework has been used to describe the dynamics of quarkonium inside the QGP and deepened our understanding [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. See Refs.…”