Botulinum Neurotoxins: Origins and Basic Mechanisms of Action

Silberstein, Stephen D.

doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2004.04011.x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Food-borne botulism causes regular outbreaks with symptoms ranging from mild diplopia to muscle weakness and respiratory compromise (Silberstein 2004). Infantile botulism results from ingestion of Clostridium spores, is associated with honey intake, and is a cause of acquired hypotonia (Shapiro et al 1998).…”

Section: History and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic uses of botulinum neurotoxin type A

Ney

Joseph²

2008

NDT

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Abstract:This article reviews the current and most neurologic uses of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A), beginning with relevant historical data, neurochemical mechanism at the neuromuscular junction. Current commercial preparations of BoNT-A are reviewed, as are immunologic issues relating to secondary failure of BoNT-A therapy. Clinical uses are summarized with an emphasis on controlled clinical trials (as appropriate), including facial movement disorders, focal neck and limb dystonias, spasticity, hypersecretory syndromes, and pain.

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Section: History and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic uses of botulinum neurotoxin type A

Ney

Joseph²

2008

NDT

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“…While the exact mechanism by which botulinum toxin type A relieves headache remains controversial, several authors have postulated its potential for inhibiting the release of nociceptive transmitters and its classical inhibition of Acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction 14,15 . Based on a quantum of research papers published, the results revealed a successful paradigm of the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic refractory intractable headache 16–18 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Chronic Refractory Intractable Headache with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Retrospective Study

et al. 2004

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Chronic refractory daily headache is a relatively common problem in the Australian population. Several million working hours per year are lost due to this illness. Generally not responding to conventional therapies. We treated 22 such patients diagnosed as severe refractory migraine and/or mixed tension headache at our multidisciplinary pain management center. Before inclusion to our study, they received maximal medical management, which included cognitive behavior therapy, but failed to respond. These patients received between 30 and 100 units of botulinum toxin type A. Our study showed 84% (19 of 22) achieved significant improvement in their pain complaint. There was significant reduction of medications particularly opioids. The duration of pain relief ranged from 1 to 6 months. Repeat injections were necessary in several of the patients. There were minor complications but these reversed spontaneously without further treatment.

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