1994
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11864.x
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Botulinum Toxin in the Management of the Lower Limb in Cerebral Palsy

Abstract: SUMMARY The role of intramuscular botulinum toxin A in the treatment of 26 children with cerebral palsy was evaluated. The indication for injection was the presence of a dynamic contracture of lower‐limb muscles interfering with positioning or walking. Spastic target muscles were identified by clinical examination and, in ambulant children, by gait analysis. Between 50 and 320 units of botulinum toxin were injected into each muscle group to a total dose of 100 to 400 units per child. The effects of injection w… Show more

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Cited by 330 publications
(138 citation statements)
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“…It is now widely used and considered by many to be a 'standard of care'. 1 With more widespread use has grown an appreciation of both its benefits and risks, leading to an urge for caution. Fortunately, serious adverse events and deaths following injection of BoNT-A are rare and preventable so long as risk factors which reside within the child are recognized and appropriate dose and administration guidelines are observed.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is now widely used and considered by many to be a 'standard of care'. 1 With more widespread use has grown an appreciation of both its benefits and risks, leading to an urge for caution. Fortunately, serious adverse events and deaths following injection of BoNT-A are rare and preventable so long as risk factors which reside within the child are recognized and appropriate dose and administration guidelines are observed.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the first descriptions of the benefit of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP; Koman et al 1993Koman et al , 1994Cosgrove et al 1994), its use has become routine in many centres. In a number of controlled studies, beneficial effects of toxin treatment, over and above the placebo effects, have been reported for lowerlimb spasticity associated with CP (Chutorian and Root 1995;Corry et al 1997Corry et al , 1999Sutherland et al 1999;Koman et al 2000).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in most studies in children with CP, injections have been made into the gastrocnemius muscle (Koman et al 1993(Koman et al , 1994Cosgrove et al 1994;Chutorian and Root 1995;Corry et al 1998;Flett et al 1999;Eames et al 1999;Sutherland et al 1999;Boyd et al 2000;Koman et al 2000).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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