Botulinum Toxin Paralysis of Adult Monkey Extraocular Muscle

Spencer, Robert F.; McNeer, Keith W.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1987.01060120101035

Cited by 107 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One reason for different results is the site for sampling. Spencer and McNeer [7] analyzed muscles in the end-plate region, where muscle fibers achieve their maximum diameter and fiber change demonstrated the most profound alterations, whereas the region we obtained the cross-section from was at a site 15 mm from the muscle insertion, though it is indicated that the end-plate distributions of the singly innervated fibers differ from each other among the fascicles of the rabbit eye muscles [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…There is a discrepancy between our results and that of Spencer and McNeer [7] with regard to the structural alteration of the orbital layer muscle fibers during the observation periods. They observed that orbital singly innervated muscle fibers became hypertrophic during the first 1-4 weeks and appeared normal 6-8 weeks after injection of toxin in the monkey extraocular muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Pharmacological denervation produced by blocking neuromuscular transmission by administering botulinum toxin has been observed to produce selective and time-dependent alterations in the muscle fibers of the monkey [6][7][8]. On the other hand, Okano [9] and Okano et al [10] measured the changes in tension of the detached extraocular muscle after injection of botulinum toxin in rabbits using passive tension measurement, and they observed decreased tension at 1 week but increased tension at 5 weeks compared to that of the control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Morphological Changes in the Orbital Surface Layer Muscle of the Rabbit Eye Produced by Botulinum Toxin

et al. 1997

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We quantitated the morphological changes in the orbital surface layer muscles in the rabbit following the single injection of botulinum A toxin. Experiments were performed in 9 white rabbits (1.6–3.0 kg). They were administered 5 units (5 rabbits) or 10 units (4 rabbits) of botulinum toxin injected into the superior rectus muscle of one eye. The diameter of myofibers of the orbital and intermediate layer zones was measured with an ocular micrometer on histological sections 3 days and 1, 3 and 5 weeks after injection. Quantitative changes were noted in the muscle fibers of the orbital surface layer zone following the injection of 10 units of botulinum toxin. At 1 week, the diameter of myofibers in the orbital layer was reduced, but it was increased at 5 weeks compared to that in the control eyes; in contrast, no change in the diameter of muscle fibers was found in the intermediate layer zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Morphological Changes in the Orbital Surface Layer Muscle of the Rabbit Eye Produced by Botulinum Toxin

et al. 1997

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“…Alguns autores demonstraram que 90% da estrutura do músculo elevador da pálpebra é constituída pela fibra monoinervada, altamente sensível à toxina, enquanto a porcentagem dessas fibras nos músculos retos é de 27% (36) . A blefaroptose, neste trabalho, ocorreu em 91,7% dos pacientes.…”

Section: Efeitos Colateraisunclassified

Toxina botulínica no tratamento de estrabismo horizontal em crianças com paralisia cerebral

Cronemberger¹,

Mendonça²,

Bicas³

2006

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…Certainly in the short term, myofiber hypertrophy occurs. 23,24 Long-term analysis of myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC) composition after botulinum toxin treatment shows a long-lasting decrease in myofibers positive for MyHC2b and a complete disappearance of the EOM-specific MyHC 8 months after a botulinum toxin injection, fibers that are responsible for the fastest contractile properties in the EOM. 24 Long term changes caused by botulinum toxin mimic those seen with long term nerve denervation, and concomitant to those MyHC isoform changes in denervated muscle models are significant physiological changes, including slower contraction rates and decreased contraction velocities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Botulinum toxin pretreatment augments the weakening effect of injection with ricin-mAb35 in rabbit extraocular muscle

Christiansen

Anderson

McLoon

2008

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Purpose-To examine force generation and duration of effect of botulinum toxin pretreatment, followed by injection of ricin-mAb35 in extraocular muscle (EOM).Methods-In normal adult rabbits, one superior rectus muscle was injected with either 5 units botulinum toxin or 1/50 maximally tolerated dose for rats (rMTD) of ricin-mAb35. Additional rabbits were first injected with 5 units botulinum toxin, and after one, two, or four weeks the same muscle was injected with either 1/10 or 1/50 rMTD ricin-mAb35. In each treatment group, the contralateral muscle was injected with an equal volume of saline. After 12 weeks (1/50 rMTD) or 6 months (1/10 rMTD), the rabbits were euthanized. Both superior rectus muscles were removed and assayed physiologically, using an in vitro apparatus.Results-Twelve weeks after treatment with either botulinum toxin or immunotoxin alone, only ricin-mAb35 treated muscles were weaker than control muscles at tetanic stimulation frequencies. Pretreatment with botulinum toxin prior to injection with immunotoxin, especially at shorter intervals between injections, resulted in significant decreases in twitch and tetanic force generation compared to controls and muscles treated with ricin-mAb35 only or botulinum toxin only. At 6 months, force generation was decreased from control only in muscles treated with the higher dose of ricin-mAb35. Botulinum toxin pretreatment did not augment this effect at 6 months.Conclusions-Upregulation of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors caused by botulinum toxin pretreatment amplifies the reduction of force generation in EOM following secondary injection of the immunotoxin ricin-mAb35 within three months of treatment.

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Botulinum Toxin Paralysis of Adult Monkey Extraocular Muscle

Cited by 107 publications

References 37 publications

Morphological Changes in the Orbital Surface Layer Muscle of the Rabbit Eye Produced by Botulinum Toxin

Morphological Changes in the Orbital Surface Layer Muscle of the Rabbit Eye Produced by Botulinum Toxin

Toxina botulínica no tratamento de estrabismo horizontal em crianças com paralisia cerebral

Botulinum toxin pretreatment augments the weakening effect of injection with ricin-mAb35 in rabbit extraocular muscle

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