Botulinum Toxin, Type A: Effects on Central Nervous System

Polley, Edward H.; Vick, James A.; Ciuchta, Henry P.; Fischetti, Donald; Macchitelli, Frank J.; Montanarelli, Nicholas

doi:10.1126/science.147.3661.1036

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The cyclic phenomenon has also been observed in monkeys challenged with botulinum toxin 4 but not those challenged with snake vencon or endotoxin. '…”

Section: *2umentioning

confidence: 68%

“…3 and Poliey Pt al. 4 have Shown depression of cortical electrical activity in experimental animals challenged with bu:ulinum toxin or snake venoins. They alsv have shrewn th~at the respiratory failure associated with botuli-Um intoxication is characterized b,, interference with transmission over rho neurcmnuscialar jintion of the diaphragm.…”

Section: Troducct:onmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Vick¹,

Lincoln²,

Klein³

et al. 1968

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The cyclic phenomenon has also been observed in monkeys challenged with botulinum toxin 4 but not those challenged with snake vencon or endotoxin. '…”

Section: *2umentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Troducct:onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Vick¹,

Lincoln²,

Klein³

et al. 1968

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

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“…However, indirect evidence that these neurotoxins could act at a distance from the injection site, i.e., within spinal cord and brain neuronal circuits, were reported long ago, and in some cases it was shown to be due to retroaxonal transport of BoNTs similar to that occurring with TeNT (Tyler, 1963; Polley et al, 1965; Garner et al, 1993; Priori et al, 1995; Santini et al, 1999; Gilio et al, 2000; Wohlfarth et al, 2001; Marchand-Pauvert et al, 2013; Matak and Lackovic, 2014; Mazzocchio and Caleo, 2015; Matak et al, 2016). Direct evidence of BoNTs retroaxonal transport after intramuscular injection was provided by the detection of cloramine T radioiodinated BoNT/A1 within the ventral roots ganglia and other spinal cord segments (Habermann, 1974; Wiegand et al, 1976).…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

et al. 2017

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The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. The molecular structure of the large protein complexes that the toxin forms with accessory proteins, which are included in some BoNT type A1 and B1 pharmacological preparations, have been determined. By far the largest effort has been dedicated to the testing and validation of BoNTs as therapeutic agents in an ever increasing number of applications, including pain therapy. BoNT type A1 has been also exploited in a variety of cosmetic treatments, alone or in combination with other agents, and this specific market has reached the size of the one dedicated to the treatment of medical syndromes. The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein interactions and are stimulating basic science studies. Moreover, the wide array of BoNTs discovered and to be discovered and the production of recombinant BoNTs endowed with specific properties suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing disease/symptom specifity. These recent developments are reviewed here to provide an updated picture of the biologic mechanism of action of BoNTs, of their increasing use in pharmacology and in cosmetics, and of their toxicology.

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“…The change in the electroencephalogram was cyclic and independent of the dose of the toxin and the time in minutes after the injection. 129 One report cites enhancement by the toxin of respiratory metabolism in tissue slices of the rat's myelencephalon that exceeds the increase in cerebral tissue. 127 These effects observed in excised tissues…”

Section: Bacterial Toxins 297mentioning

confidence: 99%

The botulinal, tetanal, and enterostaphylococcal toxins: A review

Lamanna¹,

Cj²

1967

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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It is our wish to consider the current status of knowledge and to stimulate awareness of the problems and opportunities existing for future studies of the nature and actions of the botulinal, tetanal, and enterostaphylococcal toxins. Increasing knowledge makes such a review timely. In the light of the selective actions of botulinal and tetanal toxins on autonomic and central nervous system interneuronal mechanisms, it is remarkable that one finds no references to these very useful agents in the outstanding texts and reference volumes in neurophysiology and pharmacology. Successful methods of purification now make it possible to employ these toxins as specific reprodUCible and selective reagents or aids in the study of physioReceived for publication Oct. 5, 1966. 286logical and pharmacological questions, a potential that has not been exploited maximally.It is logical to consider these three exotoxins of gram positive bacteria in a single paper because in common they have been proven to be neurotoxic simple proteins. Our attention will not be focused on the purely bacteriological questions of the origin of these toxins in the bacterial economy and environmental factors influencing their production and occurrence in clinical illness. Nor will we consider the clinical problem of tetanus and botulism in medical and veterinary practice, and the occurrence of botulism in wildlife. Reviews including subject matter we have not covered are available. 90 , 93, 114, 115, 128, 135, 154, 156, 177,249,307,308 We will consider primarily the nature and actions of the toxins.

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Botulinum Toxin, Type A: Effects on Central Nervous System

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

The botulinal, tetanal, and enterostaphylococcal toxins: A review

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