Botulism

Pellegrino, Fernándo Carlos

doi:10.19137/cienvet-2016-1823

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Group III strains (producing toxins C or D) are associated with animal botulism and group IV comprises only strains producing neurotoxin G [ 1 , 15 ]. Botulism is typically caused by seven different types of toxins, but, among all of them toxins C and D have been identified exclusively in animals, with D being more prevalent in herbivores and C in birds and carnivores [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latent Threat in Wild Birds: Clostridium botulinum

Gutiérrez-Arnal,

Marín

2024

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avian botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum emerged in 1910, affecting birds across North America, leading to severe outbreaks exacerbated by climate change, decreasing water levels, and inadequate wastewater management. While deadly for birds, its epidemiological impact on humans and other animals remains limited. Despite its significance, understanding and controlling the disease remain challenging. This review delves into the pathogen’s epidemiology in wild bird populations, exploring the transmission, pathogenicity, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The disease’s growing concern in wild birds relates to the bacterium’s adaptability and expansive spread, evident through genetic similarities among strains across countries. Outbreaks are influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and soil characteristics. Wild birds inadvertently transmit the bacterium, perpetuating the cycle through carcasses and flies. Some species suffer severely, while others, like scavengers, show resistance. Understanding disease mechanisms, involving potential toxin ingestion or internal production, remains ongoing. Clinical signs vary, affecting diverse bird orders. Diagnostic methods evolve, with treatment success varying among affected populations. Prevention and surveillance take precedence due to treatment challenges, emphasising population-based strategies and preventive measures to manage the widespread presence of C. botulinum.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%