Bougainvillea Shoot Proliferation, a New Disease Induced by Distinct Phytoplasmas

Silva, Eliane Gonçalves; Flôres, Daniela; Bedendo, Ivan Paulo

doi:10.1111/jph.12325

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Surveys have revealed that the diverse representatives of the 16SrIII group are those most frequently found in cultivated and uncultivate species, such as Brassica oleracea (Rappussi et al, 2012;Eckstein et al, 2013;Amaral-Mello et al, 2011); Manihot esculenta Souza et al, 2014); Solanum melongena; Passiflora edulis, Cucurbita pepo, Sechium edule, Solanum licopersicum, Melia azedarach, Catharanthus roseus and Euphorbia pulcherrima (Amaral-Mello et al, 2011); Leonurus sibiricus ; Celosia sp. (Eckstein et al, 2012); Bougainvillea spectabilis (Silva et al, 2014); and Brachiaria decumbens (Fugita et al, 2017). Interestingly, the subgroup 16SrIII-F had not been reported in Brazilian territory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acerola shoot proliferation induced by a phytoplasma enclosed in the subgroup 16SrIII-F

Ferreira

Almeida

Pereira

et al. 2022

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Acerola bushes were observed showing symptoms of shoot proliferation, generalized stunting, yellowing and decline. Since these symptoms are typically induced by phytoplasmas, this survey was carried out with the aim of detecting, identifying and classifying the supposed phytoplasma present in symptomatic bushes. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic samples and used in nested PCR conducted by the primer pairs R16mF2/mR1 followed by R16F2n/R2. Amplifications of expected genomic fragments of 1.2 kb revealed the presence of phytoplasma in 73 % of the symptomatic samples. Molecular analyses, using computer-simulated RFLP patterns, similarity coefficient calculation and phylogenetic analysis allowed for classifying the bacterium as a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni' -related strain (subgroup 16SrIII-F). The phytoplasma induced the same symptoms in healthy acerola plants inoculated by grafting and showed molecular identity with the strain identified in naturally infected bushes. Although various strains belonging to distinct subgroups within the 16SrIII group have been previously identified in Brazil, this is the first report of the presence of a representative of the 16SrIII-F subgroup in the Brazilian agroecosystem. Considering that phytoplasmas can be systemically distributed throughout the plant and acerola plants are vegetatively propagated, it is recommended that propagation material be obtained from mother plants free of the pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acerola shoot proliferation induced by a phytoplasma enclosed in the subgroup 16SrIII-F

Ferreira

Almeida

Pereira

et al. 2022

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…The bar represents a phylogenetic distance of 1% and India (Bongnam et al 2007;Chung 2008;Min and Hu 2009;Kumar and Byadgi 2012;Raj et al 2007), 16SrII from India (Yadav et al 2015) and 16SrIII from China (Chung 2008) were identified in chrysanthemum crops (Two different groups of phytoplasmas were reported from jasmine, 16SrI from Italy (Marzachì et al 1999) and 16SrII group from Oman (Al-Zadjali et al 2007); however, in India only one report is available on jasmine belonging to 16SrXI group from Jaipur, Rajasthan (Madhupriya et al 2015). In bougainvillea, two phytoplasma groups (16SrI-B and 16SrIII) were reported from Brazil (Silva et al 2014); however, no reports are available on occurrence of phytoplasma infection on bougainvillea from India. In Chinese aster, two groups belonging to 16SrI and 16SrII were reported from Korea (Win et al 2011), Germany (Marcone et al 2000) and USA (Zhang et al 2004;Lee et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of phytoplasma associated with four important ornamental plant species in India and identification of natural potential spread sources

Gopala

Rao

2018

3 Biotech

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Phytoplasma suspected symptoms of phyllody, witches' broom, leaf yellowing, stunting and little leaf were observed in and during survey of flower nurseries and experimental ornamental fields at Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka from 2014 to 2016. Pleomorphic bodies typical to phytoplasma structures were observed in the phloem sieve elements of ultrathin sections of all the four symptomatic ornamental plants (stem tissue) in transmission electron microscope. Amplification of 1.8 and 1.2 kb phytoplasma DNA products was observed in all the four test plants in PCR assays using universal primer pairs P1/P7 followed by nested primer pair R16F2n/R16R2, respectively. Pairwise sequence comparison, phylogeny and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA sequences confirmed the association of two phytoplasma subgroups (16SrI-B and 16SrII-D) in four ornamental plant species. '' subgroup D (16SrII-D) was found associated with chrysanthemum phyllody and leaf yellowing at Delhi and Tamil Nadu, bougainvillea little leaf and yellowing at Delhi and Chinese aster phyllody at Bengaluru, Karnataka. However, jasmine little leaf and yellowing at Bengaluru, Karnataka and chrysanthemum stunting at Pune were found to be associated with '. ' subgroup B-related strains (16SrI-B). The identification of 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma infecting bougainvillea and 16SrI-B subgroup infecting jasmine are the new reports to the world. Besides weed species, showing witches' broom in jasmine fields at Bengaluru and showing witches' broom symptoms in chrysanthemum fields at Delhi were identified to be caused by phytoplasma strains classified under subgroups 16SrI-B and 16SrII-D, respectively, by PCR assays and 16Sr DNA sequence comparison analysis. Among the three major leafhopper species identified, only was identified positive for 16SrI-B and 16SrII-D subgroups of phytoplasmas from chrysanthemum fields at Delhi and jasmine fields at Bengaluru, respectively. The identity of similar phytoplasma strains infecting ornamental species in leafhopper and the weed species in the present study suggested that and weeds may act as potential natural sources for secondary spread of the identified phytoplasma strains.

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“…Bougainvillea spectabilis : foliar chlorosis, shoot proliferation, leaf and bract deformations and decline (Silva et al., 2015)…”

Section: Appendix a – Symptoms On Plants Other Than Solanum Tuberosummentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of four phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp. known to occur only outside the EU or having a limited presence in the EU . The only tuber‐forming species of Solanum reported to be phytoplasma infected is S. tuberosum . This opinion covers ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, ‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains ( GD 32; St_ JO _10, 14, 17; PPT ‐ SA ; Rus‐343F; PPT ‐ GTO 29, ‐ GTO 30, ‐ SINTV ; Potato Huayao Survey 2; Potato hair sprouts), ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains ( YN ‐169, YN ‐10G) and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains (Clover yellow edge; Potato purple top AK pot7, MT 117, AK pot6; PPT ‐ COAHP , ‐ GTOP ). Phytoplasmas can be detected by molecular methods and are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted in a persistent and propagative manner by some insects belonging to families within Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha and Sternorrhyncha (order Hemiptera). No transovarial, pollen or seed transmission has been reported. The reported natural host range of the phytoplasmas categorised here varies from restricted (‘ Ca . P. americanum’, and ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains) to wide (‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains), thus increasing the possible entry pathways in the latter case. S. tuberosum is widely cultivated in the EU . All the categorised phytoplasmas can enter and spread through the trade of host plants for planting, and by vectors. Establishment of these phytoplasmas is not expected to be limited by EU environmental conditions. The introduction of these phytoplasmas in the EU would have an economic impact. There are measures to reduce the risk of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Uncertainties result from limited information on distribution, biology and epidemiology. All the phytoplasmas categorised here meet the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests, and they do not meet all the criteria to qualify as potential regulated non‐quarantine pests, because they do not occur or are not known to be widespread in the EU . ...

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Bougainvillea Shoot Proliferation, a New Disease Induced by Distinct Phytoplasmas

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Acerola shoot proliferation induced by a phytoplasma enclosed in the subgroup 16SrIII-F

Acerola shoot proliferation induced by a phytoplasma enclosed in the subgroup 16SrIII-F

Molecular characterization of phytoplasma associated with four important ornamental plant species in India and identification of natural potential spread sources

Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

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