Bound-free pair production from nuclear collisions and the steady-state quench limit of the main dipole magnets of the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Schaumann, Michaela; Jowett, John; Castro, Cristina Bahamonde; Bruce, Roderik; Lechner, Anton; Mertens, Tom

doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.121003

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our estimates at the time was a degradation of a large-Z ion beam within 2 hours at the LHC. This process was further studied [40] and recent experiments at the LHC [41] have confirmed our expectations [31]. Another process of interest is the production of ortho-and para-positronium in UPCs.…”

Section: Anti-atomssupporting

confidence: 63%

Ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

Bertulani

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Section: Anti-atomssupporting

confidence: 63%

Ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

Bertulani

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…The TCLDs are needed to intercept losses of oneelectron ions created by bound-free pair production (BFPP) in ultraperipheral collisions. These losses represent a continuous power of up to about 165 W that would otherwise quench the superconducting magnets they impact [22,23,24,25]. In Run 2, the ALICE luminosity was levelled at 10 27 cm −2 s −1 to respect the maximum readout rate of the detector meaning that the beam losses remained safely below the quench limit.…”

Section: Dispersion Suppressor Collimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results of running the LHC with lead ions at a beam energy of 6.8 Z TeV

Bruce,

Alemany Fernandez,

Argyropoulos

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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A two-day test of operation with Pb ion beams was carried out in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2022, with the aim of gaining experience in view of the future high luminosity heavy-ion physics runs from 2023 onwards. The LHC experiments received the first Pb-Pb collisions at a record energy of 5.36 TeV centre-of-mass energy per colliding nucleon pair (beam energy 6.8 Z TeV). Bunch trains created with a new production scheme in the injectors, including slip-stacking, were injected into the LHC, with the collimation of nuclear beams with bent crystals tested along with a new collimation scheme for collision products. This paper describes the conditions and outcomes of these tests, which are critical steps in the upgrade to higher luminosity.

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“…Upgrades of the ALICE detectors [35] will allow levelling at a significantly higher hadronic event rate of 50 kHz corresponding to a luminosity of L = 6.4×10 27 cm −2 s −1 . The feasibility of this luminosity also relies on the installation of new collimators [30] to intercept collision products that risk to quench impacted magnets, in particular from bound-free pair production (BFPP) and to a lesser extent from electromagnetic dissociation [12,[36][37][38][39][40]. The luminosity in LHCb will still be limited by the BFPP losses, since no new collimators are foreseen to be installed in IR8.…”

Section: Heavy-ion Operation Of the Lhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and luminosity models for heavy-ion operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

et al. 2021

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A good understanding of the luminosity performance in a collider, as well as reliable tools to analyse, predict, and optimise the performance, is of great importance for the successful planning and execution of future runs. In this article, we present two different models for the evolution of the beam parameters and the luminosity in heavy-ion colliders. The first, Collider Time Evolution is a particle tracking code, while the second, the Multi-Bunch Simulation is based on the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations for beam parameters. As a benchmark, we compare simulations and data for a large number of physics fills in the 2018 Pb–Pb run at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), finding excellent agreement for most parameters, both between the simulations and with the measured data. Both codes are then used independently to predict the performance in future heavy-ion operation, with both Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions, at the LHC and its upgrade, the high-luminosity LHC. The use of two independent codes based on different principles gives increased confidence in the results.

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Bound-free pair production from nuclear collisions and the steady-state quench limit of the main dipole magnets of the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

Ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

First results of running the LHC with lead ions at a beam energy of 6.8 Z TeV

Performance and luminosity models for heavy-ion operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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