Bound state vector solitons with locked and precessing states of polarization

Abstract

We report experimental observation of new tightly and loosely bound state vector solitons with locked and precessing states of polarization in a carbon nanotube mode locked fiber laser in the anomalous dispersion regime.

Fast and slowly evolving vector solitons in mode-locked fibre lasers

“…For example, application of ansatz (2.8) is justified by our experimental study where pulse width of the fundamental solion has been found fixed [7][8][9][10]. It is likely that ansatz which separates fast and slow-time variables can be used for different pulse shapes with fixed pulse widths also, viz.…”

“…for Gaussian in the case of normal dispersion. If SOPs for adjacent pulses in MP or BS soliton regimes are the same and phase shift and pulse separation for BS are fixed, equation (3.9) can be still valid to describe SOP evolution for such MP and BS regimes as shown in [7][8][9][10]. To describe SOP evolution for the soliton regimes with evolving pulse parameters, the more general equation (2.7) has to be used after minor revisions to account for gain spectral bandwidth.…”

“…The time scale for MAUP is microseconds, and so these processes have no effect on pulse shape in picosecond scale. Unlike previously used models based on either coupled nonlinear Schrödinger or Ginzburg-Landau equations [1][2][3][4][5], we account for slow gain dynamics that leads to slowly evolving VSs that have been found theoretically and experimentally in our previous papers [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Vector solitons in harmonic mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers

“…Recently, the vector nature of dissipative solitons has been exploited to reveal polarization dynamics of dissipative solitons or so-called vector dissipative solitons (VDSs) 4,8,13,15 . Apart from the fundamental interest, VDSs provide a base for advances in increased capacity in fiber optic telecommunications, secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetization in data storage devices and many other areas [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

“…Apart from the fundamental interest, VDSs provide a base for advances in increased capacity in fiber optic telecommunications, secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetization in data storage devices and many other areas [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . In our previous publications we have already studied experimentally conditions for emerging and suppression of VDSs for multi-pulse and bound-states operation 4,8,13,15 . In this paper, we address issues related to the noise properties of harmonic mode-locked operation and control of state of polarization (SOPs) in both fundamental and harmonic mode-locked regime.…”