Boundaries defined by adhesion molecules during development of the cerebral cortex: the J1 /tenascin glycoprotein in the mouse somatosensory cortical barrel field

Steindler, Dennis A.; Cooper, Nigel G. F.; Faissner, Andréas; Schachner, Melitta

doi:10.1016/s0012-1606(89)80056-9

Cited by 260 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…18). The existence of the protomap hypothesis is supported by recent studies indicating that certain protein products of oncogenes, glycoconjugates, vimentin, and various types of adhesion molecules are distributed in a spatially restricted manner early in the developing vertebrate brain, including the cerebral vesicles, before input from receptors at the periphery has an opportunity to induce differentiation ofpostmitotic cells (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). The present results also indicate that the specification of certain chemoarchitectonic patterns extends beyond differences among areas, to the level of functionally distinct compartments within the visual cortex, and that photoreceptor-induced activity is not essential for this level of specification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypercolumns in primate visual cortex can develop in the absence of cues from photoreceptors.

Kuljiš

Rakić

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The visual cortex in primates consists of an array of anatomically and chemically identifiable cellular modules (hypercolumns) with distinct physiological properties. For example, layers II/III in the macaque monkey contain a regular array of cytochrome oxidase-rich blobs. Furthermore, the surrounding cytochrome oxidase-poor interblob regions have a higher density of neuropeptide Y-positive aspiny stellate cells. Neurons in the blobs are thought to mediate predominantly low spatial frequencies and color vision, while those in the interblobs appear to be engaged in pattern vision and high spatial frequency analysis. In this study we examined the role of the retina in the development of hypercolumns. A bilateral retinal ablation was performed in embryos at midgestation, before any photoreceptors had established contacts with other retinal neurons and before layers II/III of the cortex-or their synaptic connection-had been generated. We found that the cortex in operated animals had cytochrome oxidase blobs and that their size and spacing were normal. In addition, neuropeptide Y-containing neurons were preferentially distributed in the interblob region as in control animals. Our findings indicate that some basic aspects of the cyto-and chemoarchitectonic organization of the cerebral cortex, which presumably evolved for the analysis of form and color, can emerge in the absence of cues from the retinal photoreceptors that mediate these attributes of vision.The cerebral neocortex is composed of many distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, each of which is an aggregate of modular compartments with characteristic anatomical, chemical, and physiological properties (1-3). The mechanisms that control the development and differentiation of these compartments are not known, although they may be important for understanding the evolution of the neocortex and the biological basis of human cognition. This modular organization is perhaps best characterized in the macaque monkey primary visual (striate) cortex (4, 5). In layers II/III of this area, the cytochrome oxidase (CytOx)-containing blobs (variably called also puffs, dots, patches, or spots) are distributed in columns of cells whose spatial frequency tuning as well as chromatic and orientation-selective receptive field properties are different from cells situated in columns in the surrounding interblob regions (6-9). Blobs and interblob regions also differ in the patterns of cortical and subcortical connectivity, which may explain, in part, their distinct physiological properties (6-12). We reported recently that the density of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons in macaque monkey is significantly higher in interblob regions than within blobs, indicating that they also differ in their respective arrays of local circuit neurons (13).Several of the questions raised by these findings are as follows. To what extent does the development of cytochemical differences between blobs and interblob regions, which may mediate distinct aspects of visual function such as the percepti...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypercolumns in primate visual cortex can develop in the absence of cues from photoreceptors.

Kuljiš

Rakić

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Indeed, in the prenatal chick brain, larger isoforms are abundantly expressed from E6 although the relative occurrence of smaller isoforms increases from E6 to E15; 43 and at postnatal day 3 only a single 7.2 Kda message encoding a 220 kDa peptide is detected. 44 Increased cell migration in the developing CNS was found to correlate with accumulation of long tenascin-C, but not short tenascin-C isoforms; 50,57,62,63 indicating that long tenascin-C splices facilitate neurite motility in development. 64 These studies provided a wealth of information about tenascin-C splicing during development, but it is worth mentioning that 2 isoforms containing a different repertoire of alternatively spliced FNIII repeats can still exhibit the same molecular mass, as each alternatively spliced FNIII repeat is approximately the same size (89-92 amino acids), with a mass of »10 kDa each.…”

Section: Tenascin-c Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenascin-C: Form versus function

Giblin

Midwood²

2014

Cell Adhesion & Migration

195

233

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“…In rodents, it is rather widely distributed shortly after birth and displays at least in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum partial overlaps with neurocan and versican V0/V1 depositions Laywell and Steindler 1991;Meyer-Puttlitz et al 1996;Popp et al 2003). Particularly intriguing is the transient association of Tn-C with the glial boundary tissues surrounding the functional sets of neurons, like for instance the vibrissae-related barrel Welds of the developing somatosensory cortex (Steindler et al 1989). About 2-3 weeks after birth, Tn-C levels decrease continuously, maintaining only a signiWcant expression level in the neurogenetically active areas of the adult brain that encompass the subependymal zone and the hippocampus Fig.…”

Section: Juvenile Matrix Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix of the central nervous system: from neglect to challenge

Zimmermann

Dours-Zimmermann

2008

Histochem Cell Biol

406

340

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(aggrecan, versican, neurocan, brevican, phosphacan), link proteins and tenascins (Tn-R, Tn-C) can regulate cellular migration and axonal growth and thus, actively participate in the development and maturation of the nervous system, has in recent years gained rapidly expanding experimental support. The swift assembly and remodeling of these matrices have been associated with axonal guidance functions in the periphery and with the structural stabilization of myelinated fiber tracts and synaptic contacts in the maturating central nervous system. Particular interest has been focused on the putative role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in suppressing central nervous system regeneration after lesions. The axon growth inhibitory properties of several of these chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in vitro, and the partial recovery of structural plasticity in lesioned animals treated with chondroitin sulfate degrading enzymes in vivo have significantly contributed to the increased awareness of this long time neglected structure. Abstract The basic concept, that specialized extracellular matrices rich in hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (aggrecan, versican, neurocan, brevican, phosphacan), link proteins and tenascins (Tn-R, Tn-C) can regulate cellular migration and axonal growth and thus, actively participate in the development and maturation of the nervous system, has in recent years gained rapidly expanding experimental support. The swift assembly and remodeling of these matrices have been associated with axonal guidance functions in the periphery and with the structural stabilization of myelinated Wber tracts and synaptic contacts in the maturating central nervous system. Particular interest has been focused on the putative role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in suppressing central nervous system regeneration after lesions. The axon growth inhibitory properties of several of these chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in vitro, and the partial recovery of structural plasticity in lesioned animals treated with chondroitin sulfate degrading enzymes in vivo have signiWcantly contributed to the increased awareness of this long time neglected structure.

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Boundaries defined by adhesion molecules during development of the cerebral cortex: the J1 /tenascin glycoprotein in the mouse somatosensory cortical barrel field

Cited by 260 publications

References 54 publications

Hypercolumns in primate visual cortex can develop in the absence of cues from photoreceptors.

Hypercolumns in primate visual cortex can develop in the absence of cues from photoreceptors.

Tenascin-C: Form versus function

Extracellular matrix of the central nervous system: from neglect to challenge

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