Boundary conditions for developing a safety concept for an exothermal reaction

Influence of parameter uncertainty on modeling of industrial ammonia reactor for safety and operability analysis

“…Measurement, sampling, interpolation, correlation, transfer of data, insufficient knowledge, re-scaling errors, etc., result in variations and uncertainties in parameters (Hauptmanns, 1997(Hauptmanns, , 2007(Hauptmanns, , 2008. These variations may be prominent for some processes, analyses, modeling, etc.…”

“…For specification data and model prediction uncertainties, only several methods exist (e.g. Ayyub, 2001;Brown and Heuvelink, 2006;Goodchild, 2004;Hauptmanns, 1997Hauptmanns, , 2007Hauptmanns, , 2008: for example confidence intervals, median, average, membership functions, full probability distribution functions, relative variations, histograms. Their propagation can be calculated in many ways, e.g.…”

“…Methods for uncertainty assessment and propagation have been applied in soil science (Ehlschlaeger, Shortridge, Goodchild, 1997;Goovaerts, 1997;Heuvelink, Brown, & Van Loon, 2007), mining, oil and gas (Caers, 2005), geographical information science (Shi, 1998;Wu, Nunan, Crawford, Young, & Ritz, 2004), environmental engineering (Brown and Heuvelink, 2006), and safety engineering (Hauptmanns, 2007(Hauptmanns, , 2008. In recent years, advances in uncertainty assessment and propagation have been paralleled by improvements in the software for sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in mathematical modeling.…”

Comparative assessment of the dynamic behaviour of an exothermal chemical reaction including data uncertainties

“…Application of the straight Monte-Carlo method to chemical processes is found in [6] and [7], that of the Latin Hypercube Procedure in [8]. The treatment of uncertainties affecting chemical process simulations by means of the polynomial chaos approach is presented in [12] and [13].…”