“…Huang and Cruse (1993) presented another approach taking a coordinate transformation to relax nearly singular kernels. Other approaches include Gaussian integration with fine subdivisions, kernel cancellation methods (Nakagawa, 1993), the auxiliary surface of "tent" method (Lutz et al, 1992), and the line integral method (Krishnasamy et al, 1994, Liu et al, 1993, and Liu, 1998. Sladek et al (2001) proposed a semi-analytical integration scheme to deal with the logarithmic singularity in BEM.…”