Boundary liquation and interface cracking characterization in laser deposition of Inconel 738 on directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy

Zhong, Minlin; Sun, Hanwei; Liu, Wenjin; Zhu, Xiaofeng; He, Jinjiang

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.047

Cited by 212 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, microconstituents in lamellar form also contributed to HAZ liquation cracking, shown in Figure 5c. Solidification cracks were also found to initiate and propagate along the interfaces between the γ-γ′ colonies, which were reported in prior studies [7,10,15,18] (Figure 5d). Constitutional liquation of coarse γ′ particles at the boundaries, which do not dissolve into the matrix during heating cycles, contributes to the HAZ liquation cracking [16,21].…”

Section: Haz Microcrack Inspection and Phase Identificationssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Liquidation cracking in the HAZ is one of the most noticeable problems in welding or repair-welding of Ni-based superalloys such as IN 738 [7][8][9], Rene 80 [10][11][12][13], IN 939 [14,15], RR 1000 [16], IN 713C [17], and K465 [18]. Grain boundary liquation results from incipient melting of MC carbides, Cr-Mo borides, γ-γ eutectic and Ni-Zr intermetallics along the solidified boundaries [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evolution of Cast Microstructures on the HAZ Liquation Cracking of Mar-M004 Weld

Cheng

Chen

Shiue

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:The causes of liquation cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a cast Mar-M004 superalloy weld were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were applied to identify the final microconstituents at the solidification boundaries of the cast alloy. Fine borides and lamellar eutectics were present in front of some γ-γ colonies, which were expected to be liquefied prematurely during welding. The metal carbide (MC) enriched in Nb, Hf; M 3 B 2 and M 5 B 3 borides enriched in Cr and Mo; and lamellar Ni-Hf intermetallics were mainly responsible for the induced liquation cracking of the Mar-M004 weld, especially the MC carbides. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographs showed that the fracture features of those liquation cracks were associated with the interdendritic constituents in the cast superalloy.

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Section: Haz Microcrack Inspection and Phase Identificationssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Cast Microstructures on the HAZ Liquation Cracking of Mar-M004 Weld

Cheng

Chen

Shiue

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…The issue of cracking is typically not addressed as much of this research deals with the more easily processed materials of Inconel 718 [21][22][23] and Inconel 738 [23][24][25], which either have a lower γ′ fraction or the slower precipitating γ′′ phase, thus reducing the susceptibility for weld cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fabrication of Nickel-base Superalloys: Influence of Parameters; Characterisation, Quantification and Mitigation of Cracking

Carter¹,

Attallah²,

Reed³

2012

Superalloys 2012 (Twelfth International Symposium)

124

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The use of a selective laser melting (SLM) powder-bed method to manufacture Ni-based superalloys components provides an economic approach for low production run components that operate under a high-temperature and stress environment. A major concern with the SLM of precipitation hardenable Ni-based superalloys is their high susceptibility to cracking, which has been heavily documented in the field of welding. Weld cracking may occur either during processing (hot cracking, liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking) or during the post weld heat-treatment stage (strain-age cracking). Due to the complex thermal history of SLM fabricated material there is the potential for all of these mechanisms to be active.In this investigation, cuboidal coupons of the Ni-based superalloy CM247LC were fabricated by the SLM of argon gas atomised powder. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of the process parameters (laser scan speed, power and scan spacing) on the cracking density and morphology through conducting a stereological study of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Further microstructural evidence is presented, illustrating the different crack morphologies observed as well as suggesting the responsible mechanisms. Finally a postfabrication Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment was performed to investigate its utility in 'healing' the internal cracks, and providing a route to retro-fix the cracking problem in the heat treatment stage of production. The findings highlight the need for process models of the SLM method in order to understand the thermal history and the laser fabricated structures observed.

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“…These elements include: aluminum, boron, carbon, chromium, cobalt, hafnium, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, and zirconium [15]. A broad range of superalloys has been evaluated for LMD including Alloy-625 [13,[16][17][18][19][20], Alloy-718 [6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], Alloy-738 [12,32], CMSX4 [33][34][35], Rene41 [36,37] and Waspaloy [10,38]. There are some parameters of particular importance to LMD, as listed in Table 1, to have a controlled deposition.…”

Section: Materials Characteristics and Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive

Segerstark¹,

Andersson²,

Svensson³

2014

8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives (2014)

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In this paper laser metal deposition (LMD) with blown powder was reviewed with respect to the material behavior of nickel and nickel-iron based superalloys. The key benefits of LMD are claimed to be increased design freedom of components as well as reduced environmental impact since it enables near net shape manufacturing. This review considers the LMD processing parameters such as laser power, powder feed rate, spot size, standoff distance, and traverse speed, together with aspects related to the powder e.g. morphology, porosity, inclusion and satellite content. Special emphasis was put on how these parameters affect the deposit and substrate in terms of cracking, porosity, inclusions, phase transformations, and other material related phenomena. A characteristic microstructure of LMD deposited superalloys has a columnar dendrite growth in the vertical build up direction. The grain growth can however be manipulated, making it more equiaxed by, for instance, altering process parameters and/or scanning path. Residual stresses in LMD samples are unevenly distributed and large residual tensile stresses can be found at the surface of the deposit while large compressive stresses are located close to the substrate in the core of the deposit. One of the most important parameter is considered to be the specific energy input which largely influences the m elt pool during deposition which in turn can be related to the microstructure, residual stress and, process related defects such as porosity, cracking, lack of fusion and, dilution.

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Boundary liquation and interface cracking characterization in laser deposition of Inconel 738 on directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy

Cited by 212 publications

References 9 publications

The Evolution of Cast Microstructures on the HAZ Liquation Cracking of Mar-M004 Weld

The Evolution of Cast Microstructures on the HAZ Liquation Cracking of Mar-M004 Weld

Laser Powder Bed Fabrication of Nickel-base Superalloys: Influence of Parameters; Characterisation, Quantification and Mitigation of Cracking

Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive

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