“…To provide the reader with a perspective on our results we note that if, as we have done above, one looks at Theorem B as a corollary of Theorem A, then the spherical symmetry of the approximate identities ρ ε (|x − y|), and therefore of the Euclidean heat kernel in (1.8), seems to play a crucial role in the dimensionless characterisations (1.9) and (1.10). With this comment in mind, we mention there has been considerable effort in recent years in extending Theorem A to various non-Euclidean settings, see [3,37,15,19,34,11,29,12,2,31] for a list, far from being exhaustive, of some of the interesting papers in the subject. In these works the approach is similar to that in the Euclidean setting, and this is reflected in the fact that the relevant approximate identities ρ ε either depend on a distance d(x, y), or are asymptotically close in small scales to the well-understood symmetric scenario of R n .…”