Bovine Bone Promotes Osseous Protection via Osteoclast Activation

Abstract

The current study aimed at investigating the long-term biological mechanisms governing bone regeneration in osseous defects filled with bovine bone (BB). Tooth extraction sockets were filled with BB or left unfilled for natural healing in a C57BL/6 mouse alveolar regeneration bone model ( n = 12). Seven weeks later, the alveolar bone samples were analyzed histologically with hematoxylin/eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. A separate group ( n = 10) was used for RNA sequencing. Osteoclast inhibition was induced by zoledronic acid (ZA) administration at 2 wk postextraction in a third group ( n = 28) for examination of osseous changes and cellular functions with micro–computed tomography and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Histological and radiological osseous healing was observed in both BB-filled and normal-healing sockets. However, BB regenerated bone showed significant robust expression of genes associated with bone homeostasis and osteoclasts’ function. Osteoclasts’ inhibition in BB-filled sockets led to decreased bone resorption markers and reduced bone formation to a greater extent than that observed in osteoclasts’ inhibition with natural healing. BB displays long-term biologically active properties, despite a naive osseous histological appearance. These include activation of osteoclasts, which in turn promotes osseous remodeling and maturation of ossified bone.

Resolvin D1 improves allograft osteointegration and directly enhances osteoblasts differentiation

“…RvD1 also decreased osteoclast differentiation and activation in vitro and decreased bone and joint destruction in vivo (15). We also previously showed that RvD1 affected immune cells expression and decreased osteoclastogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement (16).…”

NF-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide-Loaded Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nanospheres Facilitate Socket Healing in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

“…In contrast to conventional periodontal socket healing methods during OTM [9,[40][41][42], such as bone grafting, bone regeneration barrier membranes, and the application of plateletrich fibrin, PLGA-NfDs offer a targeted genetic intervention approach on the NF-κB pathway underlying periodontal formation and resorption, possibly providing a rather precise therapeutic strategy. Regarding the mechanisms of action, conventional methods often provide physical or biochemical support to aid periodontal regeneration [43], whereas the PLGA-NfDs provide a targeted decoy ODN approach that essentially inhibits specific genetic pathways associated with periodontal resorption, concurrently promoting periodontal formation in OTM.…”

Resolvin D1 shows osseous-protection via RANK reduction on monocytes during orthodontic tooth movement

“…After euthanization, the gingival mucosa and the springs were removed; maxillary bone specimens were collected, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight and dehydrated with 70% ethanol. Samples were scanned by the Micro CT scanner (µCT40 ® , SCANCO, Switzerland) at 70 kVp, 114µA intensity, and 1,000 projection at a 200-ms integration time, as previously described (24)(25)(26). Two-and threedimensional images were constructed.…”