Bovine Brucellosis: Epidemiology, Public Health Implications, and Status of Brucellosis in Ethiopia

Abstract

Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that causes serious problems in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Brucella abortus is the primary cause of brucellosis in cattle, and Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis also occasionally cause Brucella infection in cattle. Abortion and the retained fetal membrane are typical signs in females, whereas orchitis and bursitis are the known signs in male cattle. Brucellosis is typically transmitted to healthy cattle by direct or indirect contact with diseased cattle or their discharges. Humans can acquire brucellosis through the consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products, and through contact with diseased cattle or their discharges. The occurrence of bovine brucellosis is affected by different factors related to the management system, host, and environmental factors. In Ethiopia, the occurrence of brucellosis is high in pastoral and mixed cattle management systems, wherever humans live closely with cattle and so have a higher probability of picking up the Brucella organism. The most suitable technique in the management of Brucella infection is the vaccination of young female cattle. Brucella abortus can also be eradicated by the isolation of diseased cattle, administration of immunizing agents, and test-and-slaughter methods. Therefore, it is important to implement applicable management techniques and to increase public awareness about the transmission of brucellosis, and further research should be conducted on brucellosis in high-risk groups.

Occurrence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Commercial Cattle Farms from Selected Districts of the Eastern Coast Zone, Tanzania

“…A number of studies have reported higher odds for seropositivity with increased herd size [ 10 , 33 , 39 , 41 , 42 ]. This could be associated with several factors, such as a higher number of animals tested in larger farms, which increases the probability of detecting at least one seropositive animal and/or the reason that as the number of animals goes up the likelihood of transmission of the disease by contact among them increases as well [ 43 ]. Although this bias could have been eliminated by a proper sampling procedure, given that this was a retrospective study, validity of the sampling procedure could not be ascertained.…”

Detecting Latent Topics and Trends in Global Publications on Brucellosis Disease Using Text Mining

“…By all means, international exchanges of livestock products and the migration and traveling of people around the world have affected the epidemiological situation of brucellosis. However, many cases of brucellosis are still reported annually in the world and are considered a health challenge, especially in areas where human brucellosis infections are common [35,37]. Accordingly, researchers are conducting various studies to respond to this disease.…”

Femoral Head Necrosis Due to Brucella Infection in China: Case Series and Literature Review

“…Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease worldwide; it is most prevalent in herders, slaughterhouse workers, and dairy farmers. [17][18][19] Internationally, there are six species of Brucella, with B. melitensis being the most common strain in China, followed by Brucella abortus (B. abortus) and Brucella suis (B. suis); B. melitensis is virulent, and the clinical symptoms of the patients are severe; the virulence of B. abortus is relatively weaker, and the clinical symptoms of the patients are mild. 20 Spondylitis and sacroiliitis are the most common manifestations of brucellosis when it invades the bone and joint, of which spondylitis is the most common manifestation.…”