Bovine Coronavirus Infects the Respiratory Tract of Cattle Challenged Intranasally

Soules, Katelyn R.; Rahe, Michael C.; Purtle, Lisa; Moeckly, Craig; Stark, Paul; Samson, Clay; Knittel, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.878240

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Although BCoV is associated with enteric disease due to its dual tropism for the respiratory and digestive systems 61 , this virus was only amplified from the DNS of one calf that was simultaneously infected with OvGHV2 without being detected from the intestinal and fecal samples evaluated. Accordingly, these findings confirmed that BCoV was associated only with the development of the pulmonary distress syndrome herein described; similar results were previously described 31,58,60,62,63 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Headley

Agnol

Bessegato³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the cause of an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease syndrome followed by episodes of diarrhea in a dairy cattle herd from Southern Brazil. Deep nasal swabs (DNS) from asymptomatic calves, calves with pulmonary discomfort, and diarrheic calves after episodes of respiratory distress were used in molecular assays designed to detect the principal pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Fecal samples were used for the molecular detection of bovine enteric disease agents. Pulmonary tissues from three calves and a cow that died were evaluated by molecular assays to identify 11 agents associated with the development of BRD. The intestinal and pulmonary fragments of one calf and the cow revealed atrophic enteritis and interstitial pneumonia by histopathology, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified intralesional antigens of a malignant catarrhal fever virus, genus Macavirus, within epithelial cells of the lungs and intestines. Molecular assays amplified ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) from most of the DNS, and the pulmonary and intestinal fragments from the animals that died, confirming that the Macavirus identified by IHC was OvGHV2. Concomitant pulmonary infections of OvGHV2 with bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 and bovine coronavirus were identified. Additionally, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b and Aichivirus B were detected in the fecal samples. These findings demonstrated that OvGHV2, a Macavirus, was the disease agent most frequently (81.2%; 13/16) associated with singular pulmonary infections during this outbreak of BRD, suggesting that this virus may be another potential agent of respiratory disease of cattle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Headley

Agnol

Bessegato³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The BCoV can trigger simultaneous infections with secondary pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida and other respiratory pathogens, which may cause respiratory disease complex and severe pneumonia [ 32 33 ]. Soules et al [ 38 ] challenged calves intranasally with virulent BCoV to investigate the clinical signs and tissues harboring BCoV. The results indicated that respiratory signs developed, such as nasal discharge and coughing, and the upper respiratory tissue was infected with BCoV because viral shedding was detected in the nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage for at least seven days after the initial challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GI (GIa-Classical strains, GIb-European strains) and GII (GIIa -Korean strains, GIIb-America/Asia strains [ 21 27 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain invasion of bovine coronavirus: molecular analysis of bovine coronavirus infection in calves with severe pneumonia and neurological signs

Yilmaz,

Aydin,

Tali

et al. 2024

J Vet Sci

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Importance Although the role of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in calf diarrhea and respiratory disorders is well documented, its contribution to neurological diseases is unclear. Objective This study conducted virological investigations of calves showing diarrhea and respiratory and neurological signs. Methods An outbreak of diarrhea, respiratory, and neurological disorders occurred among the 12 calves in July 2022 in Istanbul, Türkiye. Two of these calves exhibited neurological signs and died a few days after the appearance of symptoms. One of these calves was necropsied and analyzed using molecular and histopathological tests. Results BCoV RNA was detected in the brain, lung, spleen, liver, and intestine of the calf that had neurological signs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunostaining was also observed in the intestine and brain. A 622 bp S1 gene product was noted on gel electrophoresis only in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BCoV detected in this study had a high proximity to the BCoV strain GIb with 99.19% nucleotide sequence homology to the strains detected in Poland, Israel, Türkiye, and France. No distinct genetic lineages were observed when the brain isolate was compared with the respiratory and enteric strains reported to GenBank. In addition, the highest identity (98,72%) was obtained with the HECV 4408 and L07748 strains of human coronaviruses. Conclusions and Relevance The strain detected in a calf brain belongs to the GIb-European lineage and shares high sequence homology with BCoV strains detected in Europe and Israel. In addition, the similarity between the human coronaviruses (4408 and L07748) raises questions about the zoonotic potential of the strains detected in this study.

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“…These losses result from the generalized state of immunosuppression of the animal, favoured by the stress during handling together with environmental factors that contribute to the establishment of its multifactorial aetiology (Fulton et al 2022 ; Gaudino et al 2022 ). The viruses mainly associated with the BRD are bovine herpesvirus-1, the cause of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) (Jones and Chowdhury, 2007 , 2010 ); bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV-3) (Bryson et al, 1979 ; Mehinagic et al 2019 ); bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1–2) (Burciaga-Robles et al 2010 ; Goto et al 2021 ); bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) (Fulton et al 2000 ; Sorden et al 2000 ; Makoschey and Berge 2021 ); bovine adenovirus A–D (BAdV-A–D) (Fent et al 2002 ; Fulton, 2009 ) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) (Storz et al 1996 ; Frucchi et al 2022 ; Soules et al, 2022 ). The associated bacteria belong to the Pasteurellaceae Family Mannheimia haemolytica (Rice et al 2007 ; Confer and Ayalew.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of three Mycoplasma sp. by multiplex PCR in cattle with and without respiratory disease in central Mexico

Maya-Rodríguez

Carrillo-Casas

Rojas-Trejo

et al. 2022

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study aimed to identify Mycoplasma bovis , Myc. dispar , and Myc. bovirhinis , which are involved in bovine respiratory disease through a multiplex PCR as an alternative to culture’s features that hamper Mycoplasma isolation. Nasal swabs were taken from 335 cattle with and without respiratory disease background (RDB) from dairy herds in the central region of Mexico. Each sample was divided in two; the first part was processed for the direct DNA extraction of the nasal swab and the second for Mycoplasma isolation, culture, and then the multiplex PCR was performed. In the nasal swabs, Myc. bovis was identified in 21.1%; Myc. dispar , in 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis , in 10.8% in cattle with RDB. Isolates were identified as Myc. bovis , 20.1%; Myc. dispar , 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis , 6.1%. There is a strong correlation between the presence of Mycoplasma identified by PCR and the clinical history of the disease ( ρ < 0.0000). In animals without RDB, Myc. bovirhinis was the only species detected in 6.1% of the samples processed directly for multiplex PCR, and in 2% of the isolates. There is an excellent correlation (kappa 0.803) between the isolation and the 16 S PCR and a high correlation (kappa 0.75) between the isolation and the multiplex PCR. Therefore, we conclude that the PCR multiplex test is highly sensitive and may be used for the diagnosis and surveillance of the three species in biological samples and mycoplasma isolates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11250-022-03398-y.

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Bovine Coronavirus Infects the Respiratory Tract of Cattle Challenged Intranasally

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle

Brain invasion of bovine coronavirus: molecular analysis of bovine coronavirus infection in calves with severe pneumonia and neurological signs

Prevalence of three Mycoplasma sp. by multiplex PCR in cattle with and without respiratory disease in central Mexico

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