Bovine ephemeral fever: A review

George, T. D. St.

doi:10.1007/bf02239980

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The BEF virus life-cycle is maintained through a vector-host system [2]. BEF is not transmitted by close contact, bodily secretions, or aerosol droplets, and carriers are not known to occur [3, 4]. The virus agent has been isolated from various species of midges and mosquitoes, which are probably the main vectors [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Outbreaks in Israel

Yeruham

Ham²,

Stram

et al. 2010

Veterinary Medicine International

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Outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. The main patterns of BEF spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the BEF virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the Rift Valley and the Red Sea. In the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern Mediterranean coastal plain and the disease agent was apparently brought by infected mosquitoes carried from their breeding site in the Nile Delta by the south-western winds. The disease broke out under optimal ecological conditions, among a vulnerable cattle population and spread rapidly; it showed essentially a spring-summer herd incidence and terminated soon after the night average ambient temperature fell below 16°C in late autumn. The herd incidence of the disease reached 78.4%, 97.7%, and 100% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The highest herd incidence, morbidity, and case fatality rates were noted in dairy cattle herds in the Jordan Valley, with morbidity of 20%, 38.6%, and 22.2%, and case fatality rate among affected animals of 2%, 8.6%, and 5.4% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The average sero-positivity to BEF in 1999 was 39.5%, which matched the morbidity rate. Comparison among the various age groups showed that the lowest morbidity rates were observed in the youngest age group, that is, heifers up to 1 year, with 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.2% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. In heifers from 1 year to calving, the morbidity rates were 13.8%, 14.9%, and 28%, respectively, in first calvers 30.8%, 31.6%, and 28.3%, respectively, and in cows 34.3%, 35.7%, and 27.2%, respectively. All affected cattle were over the age of 3 months. It is hypothesized that mosquitoes and not Culicoides spp. are the vectors of the BEF virus in Israel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus agent has been isolated from various species of midges and mosquitoes, which are probably the main vectors [5, 6]. BEF is spread by movement of the host or by vectors [2, 4], but long-distance carriage of infected insects by the wind has most likely been responsible for the spread of BEF in various countries [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Outbreaks in Israel

Yeruham

Ham²,

Stram

et al. 2010

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia and the Middle East causing a disabling febrile infection in cattle and water buffaloes (St George, 1990). BEFV is serologically related to several other rhabdoviruses which infect cattle including Adelaide River virus (ARV), Berrimah virus and Kimberley virus (Calisher et al, 1989) and these have also been classified in the genus Ephemerovirus (Wunner et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome organization and transcription strategy in the complex GNS-L intergenic region of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus.

McWilliam

Kongsuwan²,

Cowley³

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

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“…It occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is recognized to be of major economic importance in Australia, Japan, China and South Africa (St George & Standfast, 1988). The disease is caused by an arthropodborne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which appears to exist as a single serotype world-wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%